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Table 2 Outcomes at 3 months (treatment end) and 18 months

From: Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial

  

Control

CM

n/N, mean, or median

% or (IQR)

n/N, mean, or median

% or (IQR)

Admitted to an acute mental health service

18 months

85/259

33

90/272

33

Number of admissions

18 months

0

(0, 1)

0

(0, 1)

Any work or study

3 months

58/183

32

58/189

31

 

18 months

45/135

33

42/145

29

Cannabis-positive urine

3 months

122/170

72

128/184

70

18 months

76/124

61

77/136

57

Number of days using cannabis* (median)

3 months

30

(3, 84)

26

(1, 67)

18 months

26

(1, 142)

26

(0, 118)

PANSS positive symptoms (median)

3 months

11

(8, 16)

10

(8, 14)

18 months

10

(8, 15)

11

(8, 13)

PANSS negative symptoms (median)

3 months

14

(10, 18)

12

(9, 17)

18 months

12

(8, 17)

12

(9, 17)

Number of days of using illicit substances other than cannabis (median)

3 months

0

(0, 1)

0

(0, 1)

18 months

0

(0, 2)

0

(0, 1)

Number of days using alcohol (median)

3 months

4

(0, 12)

4

(0, 15)

18 months

6

(0, 24)

6

(0, 24)

EQ-5D-3L utility score (mean)

3 months

0.7729

 

0.8175

 

18 months

0.8032

 

0.8336

 

SF-6D utility score (mean)

3 months

0.7018

 

0.7114

 

18 months

0.7110

 

0.7205

 

Number of psychoeducation sessions attended (median)

 

4

(0, 6)

6

(1, 6)

Number of contingency management sessions attended (median)

   

9

(3, 12)

Number who attended 4 or more PE sessions (used in the post hoc analysis)

 

137/263

52

168/273

62

  1. *At 3 months, this was for the previous 12 weeks/84 days. At 18 months, this was for the previous 168 days