Table 3 Select characteristics of children in the derivation and validation datasets
|  | Derivation N = 3101 | Validation N = 3102 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or median (interquartile range) | n (%) or median (interquartile range) | |||
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
 Age, months | 11 | (7–16) | 11 | (7–16) |
  0–6 months | 559 | (18.0%) | 518 | (16.7%) |
  > 6–12 months | 1192 | (38.4%) | 1169 | (37.7%) |
  > 12–23 months | 1350 | (43.5%) | 1415 | (45.6%) |
 Site | ||||
  The Gambia | 346 | (11.2%) | 359 | (11.6%) |
  Mali | 609 | (19.6%) | 563 | (18.1%) |
  Mozambique | 193 | (6.2%) | 217 | (7.0%) |
  Kenya | 476 | (15.3%) | 485 | (15.6%) |
  India | 625 | (20.2%) | 570 | (18.4%) |
  Bangladesh | 493 | (15.9%) | 500 | (16.1%) |
  Pakistan | 359 | (11.6%) | 408 | (13.2%) |
 Female | 1358 | (43.8%) | 1323 | (42.6%) |
 Access to improved water | 1420 | (45.8%) | 1404 | (45.3%) |
 Access to improved sanitationa | 559 | (18.0%) | 594 | (19.1%) |
 Wealth index [13] | − 0.08 | (− 0.71, 0.59) | − 0.08 | (− 0.72, 0.58) |
Clinical characteristics at presentation | ||||
 Stunting | 715 | (23.1%) | 763 | (24.6%) |
 Wasting | 671 | (21.6%) | 686 | (22.1%) |
 Severe acute malnutrition | 227 | (7.3%) | 243 | (7.9%) |
 MUAC < 12.5 cm among 6–23 months | 421 | (16.6% of 2542) | 442 | (17.2% of 2542) |
 Fever | 886 | (30.0%) | 902 | (30.5%) |
 Current breastfeeding < 6 months | ||||
  Exclusive | 220 | (29.4% of 749) | 219 | (31.0% of 707) |
  Partial | 498 | (66.5% of 749) | 453 | (64.1% of 707) |
  None | 31 | (4.1% of 749) | 35 | (5.0% of 707) |
 Hospitalized at presentation | 605 | (19.5%) | 624 | (20.1%) |
 Dysentery at presentationb | 681 | (22.0%) | 671 | (21.6%) |
 ≥ 1 IMCI general danger sign | 1808 | (58.3%) | 1853 | (59.7%) |
 Presented with at least 1 co-morbidityc | 1027 | (33.1%) | 1049 | (33.8%) |
  Pneumonia | 2880 | (92.9%) | 2903 | (93.6%) |
  Malaria | 221 | (7.1%) | 199 | (6.4%) |
  Malnutrition | 741 | (23.9%) | 769 | (24.8%) |
  Other invasive bacterial infection | 161 | (5.2%) | 188 | (6.1%) |
  Upper respiratory tract infection | 47 | (1.5%) | 35 | (1.1%) |