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Table 1 Estimated effect sizes of T2D on ALS in previous observational studies

From: Causal association of type 2 diabetes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence from Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics

First author

Year

Nation

Effect size (95% CI)

Ref

DOvidio

2018

Italy

0.30 (0.19–0.45)

[14]

Visser

2017

Netherlands

0.77 (0.33–1.21)

[15]

Hollinger

2016

USA

0.80 (0.53–1.21)

[10]

Mitchell

2015

USA

0.47 (0.38–0.58)

[11]

Mariosa

2015

Sweden

0.79 (0.68–0.91)

[16]

Seelen

2014

Netherlands

0.72 (0.51–1.01)

[17]

Turner

2013

England

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

[18]

Kioumourtzoglou

2015

Denmark

0.61 (0.46–0.80)

[19]

Moglia

2017

Italy

1.05 (0.78–1.42)

[20]

Korner

2012

Germany

1.11 (0.76–1.60)

[21]

Armon

1991

USA

1.00 (0.29–3.50)

[13]

Sun

2015

China

1.35 (1.10–1.67)

[22]

Pool 1

  

0.73 (0.59–0.90)

 

Pool 2

  

0.77 (0.62–0.96)

 
  1. Pool 1: the effect size estimated without the study of Sun [22] as it was performed on the East Asian population; pool 2: the effect size estimated with all the studies; both estimations were generated by random-effects meta-analysis models