From: Can public health policies on alcohol and tobacco reduce a cancer epidemic? Australia's experience
Models | Menc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head and neck cancer, Coef. (95% CI) | Lung cancer, Coef. (95% CI) | Colorectum cancer, Coef. (95% CI) | Liver cancer, Coef. (95% CI) | All cancer sites, Coef. (95% CI) | |
Separate relation of alcohol and tobacco policies to cancer mortality | |||||
 Alcohola | |||||
  Liquor licence liberalisation in the 1960s | 0.11 (0.03 to 0.20)* | 1.80 (1.37 to 2.23)*** | 0.58 (0.31 to 0.84)*** | − 0.00 (− 0.10 to 0.10) | 2.13 (1.96 to 2.30)*** |
  RBT introduced in Victoria in 1976 and fully implemented in all states in 1982 | − 0.14 (− 0.23 to − 0.78)** | − 0.28 (− 0.77 to 0.22) | − 0.86 (− 1.43 to − 0.29)*** | − 0.04 (− 0.13 to 0.05) | − 1.01 (− 1.37 to − 0.64)*** |
 Tobaccob | |||||
  Release of RCOP and USSG reports in 1962 and 1964 and health media campaigns about the dangers of tobacco in 1967 | − 0.10 (− 0.16 to − 0.05)*** | − 1.31 (− 1.86 to − 0.76)*** | − 0.15 (− 0.35 to 0.06) | − 0.00 (− 0.09 to 0.08) | − 2.18 (− 2.76 to − 1.60)*** |
  Cigarette ads banned on TV and radio in 1976 | − 0.21 (− 0.31 to − 0.12)*** | − 0.85 (− 1.41 to − 0.30)** | − 0.55 (− 0.82 to − 0.28)*** | − 0.00 (− 0.09 to 0.09) | − 1.43 (− 2.31 to − 0.54)** |
  Tobacco ads banned in print media in December 1986 and smoke-free workplace rules and health warning label introduced in 1987 | − 0.14 (− 0.24 to − 0.05)** | − 0.24 (− 0.70 to 0.21) | − 0.25 (− 0.58 to 0.08) | 0.09 (− 0.01 to 0.20) | − 0.43 (− 1.47 to 0.61) |
 Joint relation of alcohol and tobacco policies to cancer mortalitya,b | |||||
  Liquor licence liberalisation in the 1960s | 0.09 (− 0.22 to 0.40) | 1.04 (− 0.41 to 2.48) | 0.08 (− 0.41 to 0.57) | − 0.09 (− 0.24 to 0.06) | 0.80 (0.02 to 1.59)* |
  RBT introduced in Victoria in 1976 and fully implemented in all states in 1982 | − 1.43 (− 1.96 to − 0.90)*** | − 0.21 (− 0.64 to 0.22) | − 1.21 (− 2.31 to − 0.10)** | − 0.26 (− 0.47 to − 0.06)* | − 1.31 (− 1.70 to − 0.92)*** |
  Release of RCOP and USSG reports in 1962 and 1964 and health media campaigns about the dangers of tobacco in 1967 | − 0.70 (− 1.09 to − 0.31)** | − 1.95 (− 2.76 to − 1.13)*** | − 0.19 (− 1.05 to 0.82) | − 0.28 (− 0.47 to − 0.09)** | − 4.27 (− 5.90 to − 2.64)*** |
  Cigarette ads banned on TV and radio in 1976 | − 0.31 (− 0.44 to − 0.19)*** | − 1.21 (− 2.06 to − 0.37)** | − 0.78 (− 1.04 to − 0.53)*** | − 0.04 (− 0.09 to 0.00) | − 2.20 (− 3.17 to − 1.24)*** |
  Tobacco ads banned in print media in December 1986 and smoke-free workplace rules and health warning labels introduced in 1987 | 0.08 (− 0.22 to 0.39) | − 0.39 (− 0.96 to 0.18) | − 0.15 (− 0.83 to 0.53) | 0.16 (− 0.09 to 0.41) | − 0.97 (− 1.50 to − 0.45)*** |