Fig. 3

Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) to develop cancer, CVD, T2D, and subsequent cancer-cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Cancer refers to first malignant tumours at any site excl. non-melanoma skin cancer. Deaths were censored and not modelled as a separate outcome. Computed for 65 years old men (dotted) and women (continuous) for values of the healthy lifestyle index (HLI) of 15 (healthy, 85th percentile in green) and 5 (unhealthy, 4th percentile in red); the HLI ranges from 0 to 20 units, with greater scores reflecting healthy lifestyles. The model was stratified for centre, sex, and adjusted for education level (no schooling, primary, secondary, and university or more), height (continuous), binary indicator of alcohol use (no/yes), total energy intake (kcal/day), and use of hormones and menopausal status in women. CVD cardiovascular disease, T2D type 2 diabetes