Are environmental area characteristics at birth associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children? Findings from the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the south of England

Wilding, Sam; Ziauddeen, Nida; Smith, Dianna; Roderick, Paul; Chase, Debbie; Alwan, Nisreen A.

doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01513-0

Table 2 Risk ratios for area characteristics at birth and their associations with overweight or obesity at ages 4–5 and 10–11 in Southampton, UK

From: Are environmental area characteristics at birth associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children? Findings from the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the south of England

Area factor	Scale	Model	Age 4–5				Age 10–11
			All [n = 14,084]		Movers [n = 2772]		All [n = 5637]		Movers [n = 2965]
			RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
Greenspace (%)	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.000	0.998–1.002	1.001	0.998–1.004	0.997	0.996–0.999	0.997	0.994–1.000
	LSOA*	Adjusted	0.999	0.997–1.001	1.000	0.997–1.003	0.997	0.995–0.999	0.994	0.990–0.999
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	0.999	0.997–1.001	1.001	0.997–1.005	0.996	0.994–0.998	0.995	0.991–0.999
	MSOA*	Adjusted	1.000	0.998–1.002	1.000	0.997–1.004	0.997	0.995–0.999	0.995	0.989–1.000
Walkability	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.008	0.995–1.021	1.014	0.991–1.038	1.016	1.001–1.031	1.013	0.991–1.035
	LSOA*	Adjusted	1.006	0.994–1.017	1.019	0.998–1.042	1.009	0.995–1.022	1.019	0.984–1.056
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	1.008	0.998–1.019	1.006	0.982–1.031	1.022	1.007–1.037	1.019	0.995–1.045
	MSOA*	Adjusted	1.004	0.992–1.015	1.011	0.987–1.036	1.012	0.996–1.028	1.015	0.981–1.050
Supermarket density [a]	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.010	0.964–1.057	1.007	0.926–1.095	0.938	0.886–0.993	0.989	0.871–1.122
	LSOA*	Adjusted	1.015	0.976–1.056	1.010	0.933–1.094	0.959	0.914–1.005	1.011	0.915–1.117
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	1.022	0.957–1.091	1.063	0.950–1.188	0.960	0.894–1.030	0.981	0.804–1.198
	MSOA*	Adjusted	1.018	0.972–1.066	1.056	0.950–1.173	0.972	0.916–1.032	1.038	0.900–1.197
Relative density of unhealthy food outlets [b]	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.002	0.994–1.009	1.001	0.989–1.012	1.019	1.006–1.031	1.029	1.003–1.056
	LSOA*	Adjusted	1.000	0.993–1.007	1.002	0.992–1.013	1.009	0.998–1.020	1.020	0.994–1.046
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	0.998	0.984–1.011	0.998	0.981–1.016	1.033	1.016–1.051	1.046	1.005–1.088
	MSOA*	Adjusted	0.997	0.987–1.008	1.001	0.985–1.016	1.021	1.005–1.037	1.019	0.982–1.057
Spaces for social interaction	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.004	0.998–1.011	1.005	0.994–1.016	1.009	1.001–1.016	1.006	0.995–1.017
	LSOA*	Adjusted	1.002	0.996–1.008	1.006	0.997–1.016	1.000	0.993–1.008	1.007	0.989–1.026
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	1.009	1.001–1.018	1.007	0.990–1.024	1.015	1.007–1.024	1.017	1.002–1.032
	MSOA*	Adjusted	1.006	0.999–1.013	1.011	0.997–1.025	1.004	0.993–1.016	1.008	0.984–1.034
PM_2.5	LSOA*	Unadjusted	0.982	0.960–1.005	0.972	0.931–1.015	1.008	0.977–1.039	0.999	0.956–1.044
	LSOA*	Adjusted	0.988	0.967–1.010	0.984	0.944–1.027	1.007	0.978–1.038	1.044	0.973–1.120
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	0.980	0.960–1.000	0.963	0.925–1.002	1.008	0.976–1.041	0.996	0.952–1.042
	MSOA*	Adjusted	0.984	0.964–1.005	0.978	0.939–1.018	1.008	0.980–1.037	1.042	0.965–1.125
PM₁₀	LSOA*	Unadjusted	0.989	0.975–1.004	0.977	0.951–1.003	1.021	0.997–1.045	1.023	0.990–1.056
	LSOA*	Adjusted	0.994	0.980–1.008	0.984	0.959–1.009	1.017	0.994–1.041	1.028	0.978–1.080
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	0.988	0.974–1.002	0.971	0.947–0.995	1.021	1.000–1.044	1.021	0.989–1.055
	MSOA*	Adjusted	0.992	0.979–1.005	0.978	0.955–1.002	1.019	1.001–1.036	1.028	0.975–1.085
NO_x	LSOA*	Unadjusted	1.000	0.997–1.003	0.998	0.993–1.003	1.004	0.997–1.010	1.006	0.998–1.014
	LSOA*	Adjusted	1.000	0.997–1.002	0.998	0.993–1.003	1.001	0.995–1.007	0.994	0.977–1.010
	MSOA*	Unadjusted	1.000	0.997–1.002	0.997	0.992–1.001	1.003	0.995–1.012	1.003	0.990–1.016
	MSOA*	Adjusted	0.999	0.997–1.001	0.997	0.993–1.002	1.002	0.995–1.009	0.987	0.970–1.005

LSOA areas with average populations of 1500 and an area of 4 km², MSOA areas with average populations of 7000 and an area of 21 km². All models adjust for clustering of observations within areas. Adjusted models control for maternal BMI and smoking in early pregnancy, educational attainment, ethnicity and parity, but not other area characteristics. [a] All results adjusted for the relative density of unhealthy food outlets. [b] All results adjusted for supermarket density. Relative risk ratios with p < 0.05 are in bold

Back to article page

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcmedicineeditorial@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com

BMC Medicine

Contact us