Fig. 3
QQ-plots for the Mendelian randomization analysis of age at menarche in relation to 17,893 traits. a Main analysis (GRS-all). b Sensitivity analysis excluding SNPs that explained more of the variation in BMI than age at menarche (GRS-Steiger). c Sensitivity analysis excluding SNPs associated with childhood BMI (GRS-child BMI). d Sensitivity analysis excluding SNPs associated with childhood and/or adult BMI (GRS-any BMI). Green dashed line: Bonferroni-corrected threshold (P value ≤ 2.79 × 10−6). Blue dashed line: false discovery rate threshold (P value ≤ 1.73 × 10−3 for analysis using GRS-all; P value ≤ 1.61 × 10−3 for the analysis using GRS-Steiger; P value ≤ 1.68 × 10−3 for analysis using GRS-child BMI; P value ≤ 1.03 × 10−4 for analysis using GRS-any BMI). Black dotted line: actual = expected. Black points: results of tests performed in MR-pheWAS. Red stars: results with P values < 2.23 × 10−308