| Sodium bicarbonate (n = 152) | Placebo (n = 148) |
---|---|---|
Mean age (years) (SD) | 73.9 (7.6) | 74.0 (6.6) |
Age 60–64 (%) | 13 (8.6) | 13 (8.8) |
Age 65–69 (%) | 44 (28.9) | 22 (14.9) |
Age 70–74 (%) | 23 (15.1) | 44 (29.7) |
Age 75–79 (%) | 30 (19.7) | 37 (25.0) |
Age 80–84 (%) | 32 (21.1) | 24 (16.2) |
Age 85 and over (%) | 10 (6.6) | 8 (5.4) |
Female sex (%) | 42 (27.6) | 44 (29.7) |
Ethnicity | ||
 White (%) | 144 (94.7) | 143 (96.6) |
 East Asian (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) |
 Black (%) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
 South Asian (%) | 4 (2.6) | 2 (1.4) |
 Hispanic (%) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
 Other (%) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.4) |
Cause of renal dysfunction* | ||
 Hypertension (%) | 37 (24.3) | 40 (27.0) |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 23 (15.1) | 23 (15.5) |
 Glomerulonephritis (%) | 9 (5.9) | 11 (7.4) |
 Polycystic kidney disease (%) | 11 (7.2) | 9 (6.1) |
 Vascular disease (%) | 19 (12.5) | 21 (14.2) |
 Other (%) | 52 (34.2) | 63 (42.6) |
 Not known (%) | 31 (20.4) | 22 (14.9) |
Cardiovascular comorbidity | ||
 Hypertension (%) | 135 (88.8) | 129 (87.2) |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 54 (35.5) | 47 (31.8) |
 Ischaemic heart disease (%) | 26 (17.1) | 31 (20.9) |
 Stroke (%) | 16 (10.5) | 12 (8.1) |
 Heart failure (%) | 19 (12.5) | 5 (3.4) |
 Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 14 (9.2) | 10 (6.8) |
Previous fragility fracture (%) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (3.4) |
Mean number of medications (SD) | 8.2 (3.7) | 7.9 (3.3) |
Medication use: | ||
 ACEi/ARB (%) | 105 (69.1) | 91 (61.5) |
 Phosphate binder (%) | 32 (21.1) | 28 (18.9) |
 Activated vitamin D (%) | 77 (50.7) | 73 (49.3) |
 Erythropoietin (%) | 89 (58.6) | 106 (71.6) |
 Iron (%) | 60 (39.5) | 51 (34.5) |
Mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73Â m2) (SD) | 19.7 (6.5) | 18.2 (6.4) |
CKD category 5 (%) | 34 (22.4) | 48 (32.4) |
Mean serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) (SD) | 20.6 (2.6) | 20.1 (2.5) |
Mean haemoglobin (g/L) (SD) | 115 (14) | 117 (17) |
Mean serum potassium (mmol/L) (SD) | 4.9 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.5) |
Mean Short physical performance battery (SD) | 8.0 (2.4) | 8.1 (2.2) |
Mean 6-min walk distance (m) (SD) | 304 (134) | 317 (133) |
Mean handgrip strength (kg) (SD) | ||
 Males | 26.6 (8.8) | 28.0 (7.6) |
 Females | 15.4 (4.8) | 15.8 (4.4) |
Mean body mass index (kg/m2) (SD) | 28.9 (4.5) | 28.3 (4.6) |
Mean mid-arm muscle circumference (cm) (SD) | 24.9 (3.6) | 24.8 (4.0) |
Mean triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (SD) | 16 (8) | 17 (9) |
Mean mid-thigh circumference (cm) (SD) | 47.4 (7.0) | 46.8 (7.0) |
Mean EQ-5D-3L (SD) | 0.73 (0.22) | 0.74 (0.24) |
Mean EQ-5D thermometer (SD) | 69 (19) | 71 (19) |
Mean KDQoL scores | ||
 SF36 PCS (SD) | 36 (11) | 36 (11) |
 SF36 MCS (SD) | 53 (11) | 54 (9) |
 Burden (SD) | 75 (26) | 75 (25) |
 Symptoms (SD) | 79 (14) | 81 (12) |
 Effects (SD) | 86 (14) | 87 (15) |
Mean office systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (SD) | 143 (18) | 143 (18) |
Mean office diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (SD) | 75 (11) | 73 (10) |