Fig. 4

Subgroup analyses of the association between immune-related adverse event development and overall survival. Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; anti-PD-1, anti-programmed cell death-1; anti-CTLA-4, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. ^aThis group included four multiple cancer types and 1 renal cell carcinoma. ^bThe study reported by Owen et al. was not included in subgroup analysis regarding class of ICIs because it is the only one study investigating anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 drug. ^cYes indicates studies that combined ICIs with other therapy, including peptide vaccine (n = 2), radiotherapy (n = 1) and Vemurafenib (n = 1). ^dNo indicates studies that adopted ICIs as monotherapy