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Table 1 Summary of baseline characters (candidate predictors) and outcome for the SLOPE sample using the multiple imputed data

From: Predicting the risk of childhood overweight and obesity at 4–5 years using population-level pregnancy and early-life healthcare data

Stage recorded

Variable

Mean ± SD

 

N

29,060

Booking appointment

Maternal age at booking, years

28.4 ± 5.9

Booking appointment

Gestation at booking, days

80 ± 19

Booking appointment

Maternal BMI at booking, kg/m2

25.5 ± 5.5

Birth

Birthweight, kg

3.4 ± 0.6

Birth

Gestation at birth, days

279 ± 13

Early life (~ 1 year)

Weight at 1 year, kg

9.4 ± 1.2

Early life (~ 1 year)

Weight at 2 years, kg

13.0 ± 1.6

  

%, 95% CI

Booking appointment

Maternal smoking status at booking

 

- Never smoked

49.0 (48.4 to 49.5)

- Ex-smoker

33.6 (33.1 to 34.2)

- Current smoker

17.4 (17.0 to 17.9)

Booking appointment

Maternal highest educational attainment

 

- University degree or above

25.5 (25.0 to 26.0)

- College (A levels)

40.9 (40.4 to 41.5)

- Secondary school or below

33.6 (33.1 to 34.1)

Booking appointment

Maternal employment status at booking

 

- Employed

68.9 (68.4 to 69.5)

- Unemployed

28.8 (28.3 to 29.4)

- Student or in training

2.2 (2.1 to 2.4)

Booking appointment

Maternal ethnicity

 

- White

90.4 (90.0 to 90.7)

- Mixed

1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)

- Asian

6.1 (5.8 to 6.3)

- Black/African/Caribbean

1.5 (1.3 to 1.6)

- Other

1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)

Booking appointment

Intake of folic acid supplements

 

- Taking prior to pregnancy

31.0 (30.4 to 31.5)

- Started taking once pregnant

58.3 (57.7 to 58.8)

- Not taking supplement at booking

10.8 (10.4 to 11.1)

Booking appointment

Maternal first language English

97.1 (96.9 to 97.3)

Booking appointment

Partnership status at booking

91.7 (91.4 to 92.0)

Booking appointment

Infertility treatment

 

- No

92.5 (92.2 to 92.8)

- Yes

4.2 (4.0 to 4.4)

- Investigations but no treatment

3.3 (3.1 to 3.5)

Booking appointment

History of mental health

20.5 (20.1 to 21.0)

Booking appointment

Previous stillbirth

0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)

Booking appointment

Parity at booking

 

- 0

45.0 (44.5 to 45.6)

- 1

35.2 (34.6 to 35.7)

- 2

13.0 (12.6 to 13.4)

- ≥ 3

6.8 (6.5 to 7.1)

Booking appointment

Previous caesarean section

 

- 0

87.9 (87.5 to 88.2)

- 1

10.1 (9.7 to 10.4)

- 2

2.0 (1.9 to 2.2)

Booking appointment

Maternal diet

 

- No special diet

93.3 (93.0 to 93.6)

- Pescatarian

2.3 (2.2 to 2.5)

- Vegetarian

2.2 (2.1 to 2.4)

- Vegan

0.1 (0.1 to 0.1)

- Other

2.1 (1.9 to 2.2)

Booking appointment

Maternal disability status

1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)

Booking appointment

Maternal substance use

0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)

Booking appointment

Obstetric history of GDM

0.9 (0.7 to 1.0)

Booking appointment

Obstetric history of preeclampsia

0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)

Booking appointment

Family history of diabetes

14.2 (13.8 to 14.6)

Booking appointment

Family history of hypertensive disorder

31.6 (31.0 to 32.1)

Booking appointment

Family history of mental health conditions

16.1 (15.7 to 16.6)

Birth

Delivery method

 

- Vaginal

77.8 (77.3 to 78.2)

- Caesarean section

22.2 (21.8 to 22.7)

Birth

Gestational diabetes in current pregnancy

2.0 (1.9 to 2.2)

Birth

Preeclampsia in current pregnancy

0.5 (0.4 to 0.6)

Birth

Child sex

 

- Male

51.2 (50.6 to 51.8)

- Female

48.8 (48.2 to 49.4)

Early life

Duration of breastfeeding

 

- No breastfeeding

48.2 (47.4 to 49.0)

- Minimum 10 days

19.6 (19.0 to 20.2)

- Minimum 6 weeks

21.8 (21.1 to 22.5)

- Minimum 8 weeks

9.5 (9.1 to 10.0)

- Minimum 4 months

0.3 (0.2 to 0.4)

- 9 months

0.6 (0.4 to 0.7)

4–5 years

Childhood overweight or obesity (≥ 91st centile)

14.8 (14.4 to 15.2)