Stage recorded | Variable | Mean ± SD |
N | 29,060 | |
Booking appointment | Maternal age at booking, years | 28.4 ± 5.9 |
Booking appointment | Gestation at booking, days | 80 ± 19 |
Booking appointment | Maternal BMI at booking, kg/m2 | 25.5 ± 5.5 |
Birth | Birthweight, kg | 3.4 ± 0.6 |
Birth | Gestation at birth, days | 279 ± 13 |
Early life (~ 1 year) | Weight at 1 year, kg | 9.4 ± 1.2 |
Early life (~ 1 year) | Weight at 2 years, kg | 13.0 ± 1.6 |
%, 95% CI | ||
Booking appointment | Maternal smoking status at booking | |
- Never smoked | 49.0 (48.4 to 49.5) | |
- Ex-smoker | 33.6 (33.1 to 34.2) | |
- Current smoker | 17.4 (17.0 to 17.9) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal highest educational attainment | |
- University degree or above | 25.5 (25.0 to 26.0) | |
- College (A levels) | 40.9 (40.4 to 41.5) | |
- Secondary school or below | 33.6 (33.1 to 34.1) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal employment status at booking | |
- Employed | 68.9 (68.4 to 69.5) | |
- Unemployed | 28.8 (28.3 to 29.4) | |
- Student or in training | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.4) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal ethnicity | |
- White | 90.4 (90.0 to 90.7) | |
- Mixed | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | |
- Asian | 6.1 (5.8 to 6.3) | |
- Black/African/Caribbean | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.6) | |
- Other | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | |
Booking appointment | Intake of folic acid supplements | |
- Taking prior to pregnancy | 31.0 (30.4 to 31.5) | |
- Started taking once pregnant | 58.3 (57.7 to 58.8) | |
- Not taking supplement at booking | 10.8 (10.4 to 11.1) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal first language English | 97.1 (96.9 to 97.3) |
Booking appointment | Partnership status at booking | 91.7 (91.4 to 92.0) |
Booking appointment | Infertility treatment | |
- No | 92.5 (92.2 to 92.8) | |
- Yes | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.4) | |
- Investigations but no treatment | 3.3 (3.1 to 3.5) | |
Booking appointment | History of mental health | 20.5 (20.1 to 21.0) |
Booking appointment | Previous stillbirth | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) |
Booking appointment | Parity at booking | |
- 0 | 45.0 (44.5 to 45.6) | |
- 1 | 35.2 (34.6 to 35.7) | |
- 2 | 13.0 (12.6 to 13.4) | |
- ≥ 3 | 6.8 (6.5 to 7.1) | |
Booking appointment | Previous caesarean section | |
- 0 | 87.9 (87.5 to 88.2) | |
- 1 | 10.1 (9.7 to 10.4) | |
- 2 | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal diet | |
- No special diet | 93.3 (93.0 to 93.6) | |
- Pescatarian | 2.3 (2.2 to 2.5) | |
- Vegetarian | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.4) | |
- Vegan | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | |
- Other | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.2) | |
Booking appointment | Maternal disability status | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) |
Booking appointment | Maternal substance use | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) |
Booking appointment | Obstetric history of GDM | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) |
Booking appointment | Obstetric history of preeclampsia | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) |
Booking appointment | Family history of diabetes | 14.2 (13.8 to 14.6) |
Booking appointment | Family history of hypertensive disorder | 31.6 (31.0 to 32.1) |
Booking appointment | Family history of mental health conditions | 16.1 (15.7 to 16.6) |
Birth | Delivery method | |
- Vaginal | 77.8 (77.3 to 78.2) | |
- Caesarean section | 22.2 (21.8 to 22.7) | |
Birth | Gestational diabetes in current pregnancy | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2) |
Birth | Preeclampsia in current pregnancy | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) |
Birth | Child sex | |
- Male | 51.2 (50.6 to 51.8) | |
- Female | 48.8 (48.2 to 49.4) | |
Early life | Duration of breastfeeding | |
- No breastfeeding | 48.2 (47.4 to 49.0) | |
- Minimum 10 days | 19.6 (19.0 to 20.2) | |
- Minimum 6 weeks | 21.8 (21.1 to 22.5) | |
- Minimum 8 weeks | 9.5 (9.1 to 10.0) | |
- Minimum 4 months | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | |
- 9 months | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.7) | |
4–5 years | Childhood overweight or obesity (≥ 91st centile) | 14.8 (14.4 to 15.2) |