Crude modela | Adjusted model 1a | Adjusted model 2a | PM2.5 and PA togetherb | PM2.5*PA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% difference | P | % difference | P | % difference | P | % difference | P | % difference | P | |
FVC | − 0.13 (− 0.16, − 0.09)c | < 0.001c | ||||||||
Low PA | − 0.33 (− 0.42, − 0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.32 (0.23, 0.40) | < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.19, 0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.04 (− 0.05, 0.12) | 0.370 | 0.10 (− 0.01, 0.22) | 0.075 |
Moderate PA | 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.10) | 0.974 | 0.70 (0.60, 0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (0.46, 0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.43 (0.34, 0.52) | < 0.001 | − 0.12 (− 0.24, 0.01) | 0.063 |
High PA | 1.22 (1.11, 1.33) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.08, 1.29) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.19, 1.41) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.77, 0.99) | < 0.001 | − 0.23 (− 0.37, − 0.09) | 0.001 |
Per 10 MET-h | 0.39 (0.36, 0.41) | < 0.001 | 0.22 (0.19, 0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.26 (0.23, 0.28) | < 0.001 | 0.20 (0.17, 0.22) | < 0.001 | – | – |
PM2.5 | ||||||||||
2nd quartile | − 1.78 (− 1.88, − 1.68) | < 0.001 | − 1.41 (− 1.50, − 1.32) | < 0.001 | − 1.37 (− 1.46, − 1.27) | < 0.001 | − 1.22 (− 1.32, − 1.13) | < 0.001 | – | – |
3rd quartile | − 2.79 (− 2.91, − 2.67) | < 0.001 | − 2.19 (− 2.30, − 2.07) | < 0.001 | − 2.25 (− 2.36, − 2.14) | < 0.001 | − 1.94 (− 2.05, − 1.82) | < 0.001 | – | – |
4th quartile | − 4.98 (− 5.16, − 4.80) | < 0.001 | − 4.43 (− 4.58, − 4.28) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | − 3.92 (− 4.07, − 3.77) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
Per 10 μg/m3 | − 3.11 (− 3.21, − 3.02) | < 0.001 | − 2.17 (− 2.24, − 2.09) | < 0.001 | − 2.59 (− 2.67, − 2.52) | < 0.001 | − 2.43 (− 2.51, − 2.36) | < 0.001 | – | – |
FEV1 | − 0.21 (− 0.25, − 0.18) c | < 0.001c | ||||||||
Low PA | − 0.43 (− 0.52, − 0.34) | < 0.001 | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | < 0.001 | − 0.09 (− 0.18, 0.01) | 0.078 | − 0.09 (− 0.09, − 0.08) | < 0.001 | − 0.01 (− 0.14, 0.12) | 0.879 |
Moderate PA | 0.06 (− 0.03, 0.16) | 0.206 | 0.42 (0.41, 0.43) | < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.38, 0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.32 (0.31, 0.33) | < 0.001 | − 0.15 (− 0.29, − 0.01) | 0.030 |
High PA | 1.57 (1.46, 1.68) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.20, 1.22) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.24) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.15, 1.17) | < 0.001 | − 0.43 (− 0.58, − 0.27) | < 0.001 |
Per 10 MET-h | 0.49 (0.47, 0.52) | < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.25, 0.30) | < 0.001 | 0.23 (0.22, 0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.16 (0.15, 0.16) | < 0.001 | – | – |
PM2.5 | ||||||||||
2nd quartile | − 2.59 (− 2.69, − 2.50) | < 0.001 | − 2.02 (− 2.03, − 2.01) | < 0.001 | − 1.66 (− 1.76, − 1.55) | < 0.001 | − 1.89 (− 1.89, − 1.88) | < 0.001 | – | – |
3rd quartile | − 3.96 (− 4.08, − 3.84) | < 0.001 | − 3.17 (− 3.18, − 3.17) | < 0.001 | − 2.47 (− 2.59, − 2.35) | < 0.001 | − 2.61 (− 2.62, − 2.60) | < 0.001 | – | – |
4th quartile | − 6.29 (− 6.47, − 6.11) | < 0.001 | − 5.70 (− 5.71, − 5.69) | < 0.001 | − 4.92 (− 5.06, − 4.78) | < 0.001 | − 4.92 (− 4.93, − 4.91) | < 0.001 | – | – |
Per 10 μg/m3 | − 4.00 (− 4.09, − 3.90) | < 0.001 | − 2.67 (− 2.68, − 2.66) | < 0.001 | − 2.90 (− 2.91, − 2.89) | < 0.001 | − 2.78 (− 2.79, − 2.77) | < 0.001 | – | – |
MMEF | − 0.47 (− 0.52, − 0.41) c | < 0.001c | ||||||||
Low PA | − 0.51 (− 0.65, − 0.37) | < 0.001 | 0.20 (0.06, 0.34) | 0.004 | − 0.23 (− 0.36, − 0.09) | 0.001 | 0.19 (0.05, 0.33) | 0.006 | 0.45 (0.26, 0.63) | < 0.001 |
Moderate PA | − 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.14) | 0.889 | 0.29 (0.14, 0.44) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (− 0.03, 0.27) | 0.106 | 0.33 (0.19, 0.48) | < 0.001 | − 0.07 (− 0.27, 0.13) | 0.488 |
High PA | 2.36 (2.18, 2.54) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (0.96, 1.31) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (0.97, 1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.83, 1.18) | < 0.001 | − 1.47 (− 1.69, − 1.24) | < 0.001 |
Per 10 MET-h | 0.77 (0.73, 0.81) | < 0.001 | 0.19 (0.15, 0.23) | < 0.001 | 0.23 (0.19, 0.27) | < 0.001 | 0.19 (0.15, 0.23) | < 0.001 | – | – |
PM2.5 | ||||||||||
2nd quartile | − 4.38 (− 4.53, − 4.22) | < 0.001 | − 3.53 (− 3.68, − 3.39) | < 0.001 | − 3.67 (− 3.82, − 3.53) | < 0.001 | − 3.28 (− 3.42, − 3.13) | < 0.001 | – | – |
3rd quartile | − 6.76 (− 6.94, − 6.58) | < 0.001 | − 5.47 (− 5.64, − 5.30) | < 0.001 | − 5.46 (− 5.63, − 5.29) | < 0.001 | − 4.96 (− 5.13, − 4.78) | < 0.001 | – | – |
4th quartile | − 9.12 (− 9.36, − 8.87) | < 0.001 | − 6.80 (− 7.02, − 6.58) | < 0.001 | − 6.62 (− 6.85, − 6.40) | < 0.001 | − 6.63 (− 6.85, − 6.41) | < 0.001 | – | – |
Per 10 μg/m3 | − 5.24 (− 5.37, − 5.11) | < 0.001 | − 3.18 (− 3.30, − 3.07) | < 0.001 | − 3.25 (− 3.37, − 3.14) | < 0.001 | − 3.10 (− 3.22, − 2.99) | < 0.001 | – | – |