Serum free thiols predict cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Stratified analyses for the association between protein-adjusted serum free thiols and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events across various subgroups

Variable	CV events (n)	Total (n)	HR*	95% CI	P_interaction
Overall	402	5955	0.68	0.47–1.00	0.048
Gender
Female	87	2497	0.87	0.42–1.77	0.976
Male	221	2180	0.58	0.38–0.90	0.976
BMI
< 25.0	68	1910	0.53	0.23–1.21	< 0.001
> 25.0	239	2762	0.71	0.47–1.08	< 0.001
Albuminuria
No	237	4285	0.71	0.46–1.08	0.008
Yes	71	394	0.52	0.24–1.12	0.008
Hypertension
No	219	4143	0.55	0.36–0.86	< 0.001
Yes	94	501	1.06	0.51–2.19	< 0.001
CVD history
No	271	4526	0.69	0.46–1.04	0.327
Yes	37	155	0.47	0.18–1.21	0.327
Diabetes
No	289	4592	0.67	0.45–0.98	0.012
Yes	15	73	0.79	0.16–3.83	0.012
Smoking
No	200	3402	0.78	0.49–1.27	0.484
Yes	108	1279	0.46	0.26–0.83	0.484
Alcohol consumption
No	99	1134	0.72	0.38–1.36	0.911
Yes	209	3547	0.63	0.40–0.98	0.911
Hypercholesterolemia
No	260	4372	0.61	0.41–0.90	0.062
Yes	41	242	0.83	0.28–2.42	0.062

Stratifications by BMI, albuminuria, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia showed significant differences between groups. Corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) are consistently lower for subjects with a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile (i.e., lower BMI and the absence of hypertension and diabetes), whereas the presence of CVD history or albuminuria shows lower HRs as well
CV cardiovascular, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease
*Adjusted for potential confounding factors (sex, age, hsCRP, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, diabetes, and BMI)

ISSN: 1741-7015