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Table 3 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression on the risk of moderate-to-late preterm birth

From: Pregnancy outcomes and risk of placental malaria after artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Baseline characteristic

Proportion (%)

Univariable

Multivariable (complete case)

Multivariable (MI)

OR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

Treatment

 AL

156/1035 (15%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 AAP

4/76 (5%)

0.51 (0.15–1.70)

0.27

2.72 (0.50–14.75)

0.25

0.69 (0.19–2.44)

0.56

 AS

15/174 (9%)

1.41 (0.63–3.18)

0.40

2.01 (0.74–5.47)

0.17

1.49 (0.64–3.50)

0.36

 ASAQ

124/747 (17%)

1.04 (0.79–1.38)

0.76

1.03 (0.75–1.41)

0.88

1.05 (0.79–1.39)

0.75

 ASMQ

128/926 (14%)

1.10 (0.84–1.46)

0.48

0.94 (0.68–1.30)

0.71

1.07 (0.80–1.41)

0.65

 ASSP

22/147 (15%)

1.78 (0.87–3.63)

0.11

1.24 (0.50–3.09)

0.64

1.83 (0.88–3.81)

0.10

 DP

151/804 (19%)

1.28 (0.98–1.66)

0.07

1.23 (0.93–1.64)

0.15

1.22 (0.93–1.60)

0.15

 Q

15/171 (9%)

1.17 (0.57–2.40)

0.68

3.86 (0.92–16.19)

0.07

1.67 (0.79–3.54)

0.18

 QC

4/51 (8%)

1.03 (0.26–4.08)

0.96

No data

 

1.39 (0.34–5.67)

0.65

EGA at malaria episode

 4.0–13.9

5/38 (13%)

3.92 (1.42–10.87)

0.009

2.67 (0.73–9.80)

0.14

3.92 (1.38–11.13)

0.01

 14.0–19.9

78/863 (9%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 20.0–23.9

136/1023 (13%)

1.69 (1.25–2.28)

< 0.001

1.63 (1.17–2.28)

0.004

1.71 (1.25–2.32)

< 0.001

 24.0–27.9

142/917 (15%)

2.17 (1.60–2.94)

< 0.001

2.30 (1.64–3.24)

< 0.001

2.37 (1.74–3.23)

< 0.001

 28.0–36.9 (weeks)

258/1290 (20%)

3.63 (2.72–4.85)

< 0.001

4.49 (3.23–6.25)

< 0.001

4.33 (3.21–5.84)

< 0.001

Age group

 < 20

284/1323 (21%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 20–25

154/1330 (12%)

0.55 (0.44–0.68)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.51–0.93)

0.02

0.67 (0.51–0.87)

0.003

 25–30

100/803 (12%)

0.60 (0.47–0.78)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.67–1.54)

0.96

0.82 (0.56–1.18)

0.29

 30–35

46/401 (11%)

0.54 (0.38–0.76)

< 0.001

0.78 (0.47–1.31)

0.34

0.72 (0.45–1.12)

0.15

 ≥ 35 (years)

35/274 (13%)

0.75 (0.51–1.11)

0.15

0.87 (0.47–1.62)

0.67

0.99 (0.60–1.64)

0.98

Pregnancy history

 G1

284/1439 (20%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 G2 with no loss

81/704 (12%)

0.56 (0.43–0.73)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.48–0.96)

0.03

0.65 (0.48–0.89)

0.007

 G ≥ 3 with no loss

141/1128 (12%)

0.60 (0.48–0.75)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.40–0.89)

0.01

0.67 (0.47–0.96)

0.03

 G2 with 1 loss

41/251 (16%)

0.85 (0.59–1.24)

0.40

1.12 (0.75–1.68)

0.58

0.95 (0.65–1.40)

0.81

 G ≥ 3 with 1 loss

51/435 (12%)

0.60 (0.43–0.83)

0.002

0.69 (0.44–1.08)

0.10

0.66 (0.44–0.99)

0.046

 G ≥ 3 with ≥ 2 losses

18/137 (13%)

0.94 (0.55–1.58)

0.80

1.20 (0.62–2.32)

0.58

1.00 (0.56–1.79)

1.00

Weight (kg)

618/4130 (15%)

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

0.004

    

Height (cm)

579/3655 (16%)

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

0.05

0.98 (0.96–1.00)

0.01

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

579/3655 (16%)

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.03

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.01

0.94 (0.90–0.97)

< 0.001

HIV infection

 Yes

4/31 (13%)

1.57 (0.51–4.73)

0.44

1.88 (0.35–10.15)

0.46

1.22 (0.36–4.09)

0.75

 No

527/3462 (15%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Parasitaemia (log10/μL)

619/4131 (15%)

1.11 (0.99–1.24)

0.07

    

Fever > 37.5 °C

 Yes

45/375 (12%)

1.09 (0.77–1.54)

0.62

    

 No

563/3719 (15%)

Reference

     

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

616/4107 (15%)

0.94 (0.88–1.00)

0.04

    

Gametocytaemia

 Yes

24/153 (16%)

1.46 (0.92–2.32)

0.11

    

 No

584/3922 (15%)

Reference

     

Mixed infection

 Yes

2/29 (7%)

1.04 (0.24–4.52)

0.96

    

 No

617/4102 (15%)

Reference

     

Malaria transmission

 Low

72/929 (8%)

0.55 (0.33–0.94)

0.03

0.24 (0.10–0.56)

0.001

0.42 (0.22–0.81)

0.009

 Moderate

397/2236 (18%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 High

150/966 (16%)

0.93 (0.54–1.62)

0.80

0.56 (0.28–1.09)

0.09

0.86 (0.47–1.58)

0.63

  1. Intraclass correlation, 0.07. AAP artesunate with atovaquone-proguanil, AL artemether-lumefantrine, aOR adjusted odds ratio, AS artesunate monotherapy, ASAQ artesunate-amodiaquine, ASMQ artesunate-mefloquine, ASSP artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, EGA estimated gestational age, G gravidity, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MI multiple imputation, OR odds ratio, Q quinine monotherapy, QC quinine with clindamycin
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