Table 1 Associations of genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in men and of genetically predicted total testosterone in women with CKD and kidney function using univariable Mendelian randomization in the UK Biobank

Outcome

Exposure

Sex

OR

95% CI

p

 CKD

Genetically predicted bioT

Men

1.17

1.03, 1.33

0.01

Genetically predicted TT

Women

1.02

0.92, 1.14

0.68

 Albuminuria

Genetically predicted bioT

Men

1.15^*

1.04, 1.27

0.008

Genetically predicted TT

Women

0.96

0.88, 1.06

0.43

Beta

95% CI

p

 eGFR_cr (ml/min per 1.73 m²)

Genetically predicted bioT

Men

− 1.70^*

− 2.09, − 1.31

2.4 × 10⁻¹⁴

Genetically predicted TT

Women

− 0.24^*

− 0.49, 0.02

0.07

 eGFR_crcys (ml/min per 1.73 m²)

Genetically predicted bioT

Men

− 1.27^*

− 1.62, − 0.91

1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰

Genetically predicted TT

Women

0.12^*

− 0.14, 0.39

0.36