The role of testosterone in chronic kidney disease and kidney function in men and women: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank

Table 3 Associations of genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in men and of genetically predicted total testosterone in women with hemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol for validation of the genetic instrument in the UK Biobank

Outcome	Exposure	#SNPs	Sex	Methods	Beta	95% CI	p
Hemoglobin	Genetically predicted bioT	119	Men	MR-PRESSO	0.30	0.26, 0.33	8.3 × 10⁻³¹
	Genetically predicted bioT	119	Men	WM	0.33	0.28, 0.37	2.0 × 10⁻⁴⁸
	Genetically predicted TT	252	Women	MR-PRESSO	0.05	0.03, 0.08	8.6 × 10⁻⁵
	Genetically predicted TT	252	Women	WM	0.03	− 0.002, 0.06	0.07
HDL-cholesterol	Genetically predicted bioT	119	Men	MR-PRESSO	− 0.07	− 0.10, − 0.04	4.0 × 10⁻⁵
	Genetically predicted bioT	119	Men	WM	− 0.08	− 0.12, − 0.04	4.1 × 10⁻⁵
	Genetically predicted TT	252	Women	MR-PRESSO	− 0.06	− 0.09, − 0.04	1.2 × 10⁻⁶
	Genetically predicted TT	252	Women	WM	− 0.05	− 0.09, − 0.02	0.003

HDL high-density lipoprotein, IVW inverse variance weighting, WM weighted median, MR-PRESSO Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier

ISSN: 1741-7015