Fig. 4

The association between circulating mRNAs in the maternal circulation and clinical parameters that reflect placental insufficiency. Those with preterm fetal growth restriction in the EVERREST study were examined. Circulating levels of aEMP1 and bRCBTB2 and uterine artery blood flow Pulsatility Index (PI), where >95th centile is a threshold clinical to suggest increased blood flow resistance that occurs with increased placental insufficiency. c Circulating levels of EMP1 and the umbilical artery (UA), where > 95th PI is abnormally increased (also reflects placental insufficiency). d Circulating levels of RCBTB2 and eNR4A2 and the middle cerebral artery (MCA), where < 5th PI is abnormal and suggests fetal circulatory redistribution that occurs when fetuses are coping with placental insufficiency. f Circulating levels of EMP1 and gRCBTB2 at initial recruitment grouped to whether the pregnancy was delivered preterm or progressed to term gestation (> 37 weeks’ gestation). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Error bars are mean ± SEM