Fig. 1

Estimated male circumcision prevalence, adult men ages 15–49 years, 2017. Male circumcision prevalence among adult men ages 15–49 years in 2017 at the country level (a), first administrative unit level (b), second administrative unit level (c), and 5 × 5-km grid-cell level (d). Maps reflect administrative boundaries, land cover, lakes, and population. Grid cells with fewer than ten people per 1 × 1-km [39] and classified as “barren or sparsely vegetated” [47] are colored in dark gray. Countries in light gray were not included in the analysis. Outlined by a thick black border are priority countries for VMMC campaigns in southern and eastern Africa, as identified by the WHO and UNAIDS