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Table 1 Study characteristics of the included studies reporting antimicrobial resistance in invasive NTS infections in sub-Saharan Africa

From: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment

Study characteristics - population

n (%)

Study characteristics - microbiology

n (%)

Region sub-Saharan Africa

n= 53

Number of NTS isolates

53

Central Africa

5 (9)

10 - 49

15 (28)

Eastern Africa

31 (58)

50 - 99

8 (15)

Southern Africa

3 (6)

100 - 199

12 (23)

Western Africa

16 (30)

200 - 499

12 (23)

  

> 500

6 (11)

Study design

n= 53

  

Retrospective

21 (40)

Clinical specimen

53

Prospective

32 (60)

Blood

43 (81)

  

CSF

2 (4)

Duration study period

n= 53

Blood + CSF

4 (8)

<1 year

8 (15)

Blood + CSF + other normally sterile body sites

4 (8)

1 - 2 years

11 (21)

  

2 - 5 years

14 (26)

Method antibiotic susceptibility testing

52

5 - 10 years

8 (15)

Disk diffusion

28 (54)

> 10 years

12 (23)

E-test

1 (2)

  

Automated methods

2 (4)

Study setting

n= 48

Disk diffusion + E-test

17 (33)

Population based

3 (6)

Automated methods + disk diffusion / E-test

4 (8)

District hospital

19 (40)

  

University / tertiary care hospital

12 (25)

International guidelines for interpretation AST

39

Multicenter

14 (29)

CLSI / NCCLS

32 (82)

  

EUCAST

2 (5)

Study population

n= 50

National guidelines (French microbiological society or BSAC)

5 (13)

Children

28 (56)

  

Adults

8 (16)

Version of guidelines specified

36 (92)

Children and adults

14 (28)

  
  

Definitions of fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility

38

HIV prevalence

n= 26

Mixed reporting of resistance & decreased susceptibility

10 (26)

≤20% in enrolled patients / patients with invasive NTS infection

9 (35)

Resistance & decreased susceptibility separately reported

8 (21)

>20% in enrolled patients / patients with invasive NTS infection

17 (65)

Assessed before introduction of revised breakpoints

20 (53)

Number of screened cultures

n= 53

Assessment of fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility

38

0 - 99

5 (9)

Only nalidixic acid resistance reported

1 (3)

100 - 499

10 (19)

Only ciprofloxacin resistance reported

25 (66)

500 - 999

9 (17)

Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance reported

11 (29)

1000 - 5000

12 (23)

Pefloxacin resistance reported

1 (3)

> 5000

17 (32)

  
  1. NTS non-typhoidal Salmonella, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, AST antibiotic susceptibility testing, CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, BSAC British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy