Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the English and Swedish cohorts included in the heart failure (primary outcome) analysis
English cohort | Swedish cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Continued ACEI/ARB | Stopped ACEI/ARB | Continued ACEI/ARB | Stopped ACEI/ARB | |
N = 3300 | N = 4003 | N = 555 | N = 1235 | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 77 (11) | 77 (11) | 75 (12) | 75 (12) |
Age (years) | ||||
18–69 | 756 (23) | 914 (23) | 179 (32) | 393 (32) |
70–74 | 386 (12) | 482 (12) | 73 (13) | 162 (13) |
75–79 | 609 (19) | 731 (18) | 80 (14) | 161 (13) |
80–84 | 672 (20) | 827 (21) | 94 (17) | 214 (17) |
85–89 | 552 (17) | 655 (16) | 85 (15) | 201 (16) |
≥ 90 | 325 (10) | 394 (10) | 44 (8) | 104 (8) |
Women | 1569 (48) | 1862 (47) | 255 (46) | 550 (45) |
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 55 (21) | 53 (22) | 53 (23) | 55 (24) |
eGFR category | ||||
No known CKD | 388 (12) | 487 (12) | 25 (5) | 102 (8) |
G1-No CKD | 202 (6) | 214 (5) | 38 (7) | 106 (9) |
G2-Mild | 894 (27) | 999 (25) | 164 (30) | 357 (29) |
G3a-Mild-Mod | 726 (22) | 838 (21) | 118 (21) | 237 (19) |
G3b-Mod-Severe | 775 (24) | 911 (23) | 112 (20) | 242 (20) |
G4-Severe | 297 (9) | 504 (13) | 83 (15) | 153 (12) |
G5-Kidney failure | 18 (1) | 50 (1) | 15 (3) | 38 (3) |
Comorbidities | ||||
Arrhythmia | 1069 (32) | 1180 (30) | 233 (42) | 452 (37) |
Diabetes | 1596 (48) | 1824 (46) | 259 (47) | 507 (41) |
Heart failure | 1067 (32) | 1146 (29) | 285 (51) | 563 (46) |
Hypertension | 2869 (87) | 3470 (87) | 472 (85) | 1078 (87) |
IHD | 1770 (54) | 1981 (50) | 213 (38) | 445 (36) |
Medications | ||||
Beta blocker | 1453 (44) | 1643 (41) | 389 (70) | 825 (67) |
CCB | 1152 (35) | 1458 (36) | 205 (37) | 452 (37) |
Loop diuretic | 1942 (59) | 2273 (57) | 168 (30) | 331 (27) |
Spironolactone | 416 (13) | 432 (11) | 144 (26) | 279 (23) |
Ethnicity | ||||
White | 3058 (93) | 3812 (95) | ||
Black | 59 (2) | 45 (1) | ||
Asian | 119 (4) | 85 (2) | ||
Other | 35 (1) | 26 (1) | ||
Missing | 29 (1) | 35 (1) | ||
Smoking | ||||
Non-smoker | 986 (30) | 1211 (30) | ||
Ex-smoker | 1923 (58) | 2360 (59) | ||
Current smoker | 378 (12) | 425 (11) | ||
Missing | 13 (< 1) | 7 (< 1) | ||
Alcohol use | ||||
Non-drinker | 389 (12) | 433 (11) | ||
Current drinker | 2133 (65) | 2683 (67) | ||
Ex-drinker | 611 (19) | 713 (18) | ||
Missing | 167 (5) | 174 (4) | ||
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29 (7) | 29 (7) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
BMI < 18.5 | 84 (3) | 83 (2) | ||
BMI 18.5–24.9 | 770 (23) | 1019 (25) | ||
BMI 25–29.9 | 1061 (32) | 1278 (32) | ||
BMI ≥ 30 | 1265 (38) | 1484 (37) | ||
Missing | 120 (4) | 139 (4) | ||
Dialysis during baseline AKI admission | 71 (2) | 190 (5) | ||