Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics by outcome of hospital admission
From: COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study with focus on the over-80s and hospital-onset disease
All patients (n = 450) | By outcome of hospital stay, where available (n = 410) | p value for comparison | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Discharged (n = 237) | Died (n = 173) | |||
Demographics | ||||
Age in years, median (IQR) | 72 (56, 83) | 61 (49, 79) | 80 (72, 88) | < 0.001* |
Age breakdown, n (%) | ||||
< 40 | 32 (7) | 29 (12) | 2 (1) | – |
40–59 | 105 (23) | 81 (34) | 10 (6) | – |
60–79 | 163 (36) | 70 (30) | 71 (41) | – |
> 80 | 150 (33) | 57 (24) | 90 (52) | – |
Male gender, n (%) | 272 (60) | 134 (57) | 111 (64) | 0.146 |
BMI, median (IQR) | 26 (24, 30) | 27 (24, 30) | 25 (23, 31.5) | 0.214 |
Receiving care prior to admission, n (%) | 118 (26) | 45 (19) | 69 (40) | < 0.001* |
Care home, n (%) | 45 (38) | 10 (4) | 35 (20) | – |
Own home + carers, n (%) | 49 (42) | 21 (9) | 26 (15) | – |
Other care, n (%) | 24 (20) | 14 (6) | 8 (5) | – |
CFS if > 65 years, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 5.5) | 5 (3, 6) | 0.014 |
Ever smoker, n (% of available data) | 76 (31) | 50 (35) | 20 (26) | 0.228 |
COVID-19 acquired in hospital, n (%) | 31 (7) | 20 (8) | 7 (4) | 0.117 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.072** | |||
Asian | 51 (11) | 31 (13) | 13 (8) | – |
Black | 33 (7) | 19 (8) | 11 (6) | – |
White | 265 (59) | 127 (54) | 118 (68) | – |
Other | 77 (17) | 42 (18) | 26 (15) | – |
Unavailable | 24 (5) | 18 (8) | 5 (3) | – |
PCR test returning positive, n (%) | 0.59** | |||
First | 410 (91) | 214 (90) | 158 (91) | |
Second | 34 (8) | 19 (8) | 14 (8) | |
Third | 6 (1) | 4 (6) | 1 (1) | |
Pre-existing comorbidities,n(%) | ||||
Hypertension | 195 (43) | 87 (37) | 90 (52) | 0.0029 |
Cardiac condition | 141 (31) | 55 (23) | 78 (45) | < 0.001* |
Diabetes | 134 (30) | 68 (29) | 53 (31) | 0.589 |
Respiratory condition | 85 (19) | 47 (20) | 34 (20) | 1.00 |
Immunosuppression | 42 (9) | 27 (11) | 13 (8) | 0.251 |
Disease characteristics | ||||
Symptoms at presentation, n (%) | ||||
Cough | 317 (70) | 173 (73) | 113 (65) | 0.228 |
Breathlessness | 282 (63) | 142 (60) | 113 (65) | 0.204 |
Diarrhoea | 70 (16) | 38 (16) | 28 (16) | 1.00 |
Symptom duration at presentation in days, median (IQR) | 5 (2, 8) | 5 (2, 9) | 4 (2, 7) | 0.109 |
Signs at presentation | ||||
Respiratory rate | 24 (20, 30) | 23 (19, 28) | 26 (22, 33) | < 0.001* |
SaO2, median (IQR) | 94 (90, 96) | 95 (92, 96) | 92 (88, 95) | < 0.001* |
(n [%] measured on supplemental O2) | 235 (52) | 106 (45) | 106 (61) | |
Heart rate, median (IQR) | 90 (80, 103.5) | 90 (80, 103.5) | 90 (78.25, 100) | 0.970 |
Systolic BP < 100 | 38 (8) | 16 (7) | 19 (11) | 0.180 |
Median temperature | 37.9 (37.2, 38.4) | 38 (37.3, 38.5) | 37.8 (37.2, 38.1) | 0.004 |
Fever > 37.8 | 262 (58) | 143 (60) | 88 (51) | 0.081 |
Abnormal chest radiograph, n (%) | 370 (82) | 181 (76) | 153 (88) | 0.015 |
Antibiotics given, n (%) | 332 (74) | 165 (70) | 136 (79) | 0.049 |
Length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 7 (3, 11) | 7 (4, 12) | 6 (3, 10) | 0.127 |
Length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 7 (3, 11) | 7 (4, 12) | 6 (3, 10) | 0.127 |
Status at day 5, n (%) | ||||
Discharged | 79 (18) | 79 (33) | 0 (0) | – |
Non-intubated inpatient | 243 (54) | 146 (62) | 77 (45) | – |
Intubated | 56 (12) | 10 (4) | 26 (15) | – |
Died | 70 (16) | 0 (0) | 70 (40) | – |