|
Covariate
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 4
|
|---|
|
Pre-pregnancy BMI
|
1.25 (1.10–1.44)*
|
1.23 (1.07–1.41)**
|
1.23 (1.07–1.41)**
|
1.23 (1.08–1.41)**
|
|
Age
|
0.96 (0.93–1.00)*
|
0.99 (0.95–1.03)
|
0.99 (0.96–1.02)
|
1.00 (0.97–1.04)
|
|
Group allocation
|
1.34 (0.90–2.02)
|
1.38 (0.93–2.05)
|
1.39 (0.95–2.05)
|
1.39 (0.93–2.09)
|
|
Married
| |
0.62 (1.06–1.99)*
|
0.66 (0.50–0.88)*
|
0.70 (0.54–0.91)*
|
|
Lower educational level
| |
1.46 (0.48–0.80)**
|
1.40 (1.00–1.96)*
|
1.41 (1.02–1.94)*
|
|
Parity
|
|
1
| |
0.75 (0.49–1.14)
|
0.74 (0.51–1.08)
|
0.73 (0.51–1.04)
|
|
≥ 2
| |
0.80 (0.45–1.41)
|
0.74 (0.42–1.31)
|
0.66 (0.37–1.20)
|
|
Alcohol intake
| | |
1.18 (0.86–1.64)
|
1.21 (0.86–1.69)
|
|
Low level of physical activity°
| | |
0.99 (0.73–1.34)
|
0.97 (0.72–1.30)
|
|
Smoking
| | |
1.81 (0.95–3.44)
|
1.59 (0.82–3.10)
|
|
Gestational diabetes mellitus
| | |
1.17 (0.84–1.65)
|
1.23 (0.90–1.70)
|
|
Antenatal history of anxiety/depressive symptoms°°
| | | |
3.42 (2.42–4.82)***
|
- Depicted are odds ratios (ORs) along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by multivariable logistic regression models
- *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < .0001
- °Assessed by the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) before the end of the 12th week of gestation
- °°Assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ)-4 before the end of the 12th week of gestation
