Fig. 3
From: In utero and childhood exposure to tobacco smoke and multi-layer molecular signatures in children
Box plots showing the change of child blood DNA methylation compared to unexposed mothers (y-axis) by categories of dose and/or duration of exposure to tobacco smoking in pregnancy (x-axis), adjusted for global-SHS. Horizontal line in the middle of the boxes shows the mean difference in DNA methylation with respect to the reference category of unexposed mothers. Boxes represent the DNA methylation change ± standard error (SE), and vertical lines indicate extreme changes defined as ± 3 × SE. Each graph shows an illustrative pattern: a tendency of increased methylation with increased dose and/or duration, b tendency of decreased methylation, c tendency of increased methylation only in sustained maternal smoking in pregnancy, d tendency of decreased methylation only in sustained maternal smoking in pregnancy, e saturated pattern in non-sustained smokers, and f saturated pattern in sustained maternal smoking in pregnancy. The rest of the 41 CpGs can be found in Additional file 4 (Fig. S6). Mat-SHS, mothers exposed to SHS; Non-sust, non-sustained smoker mothers; Sust (=<9), sustained smoker mothers at low dose—less than or equal to 9 cigarettes per day; Sust (> 9), Sustained smoker mothers at high dose—more than 9 cigarettes per day. Other categories are self-explanatory