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Fig. 3 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: psychiatric and cognitive problems and brain structure in children

Fig. 3

Mediation analysis of the effects of SNVP in the mothers on cognition and psychiatric problems that are mediated by brain structure. a The mediation by cortical volume from the exposure to SNVP on psychiatric problems was significant (β = 0.176, p = 2.0 × 10−5). Path A: the effect of the exposure to SNVP on the mediator (cortical volume). Path B: the effect of the mediator (cortical volume) on the outcome (psychiatric problems). Path C shows that the regression coefficient (beta value) of the exposure to SNVP on the cognition was high when the cortical volume was not taken into account. The beta values show the regression coefficient of the effect of the independent variable (the exposure to SNVP) on the outcome (psychiatric problems). Path C′ indicates the direct effect of the exposure to SNVP on the outcome (psychiatric problems) controlling for the mediator (cortical volume). Path C′ shows some reduction in the regression coefficient when the effect of the cortical volume was taken into account. Path AB indicates the extent to which taking the cortical volume into account can explain the 3.7% effect of the cortical area, which is significant as noted above at p = 2.0 × 10−5. b The mediation by cortical area from the exposure to SNVP on psychiatric problems was significant (β = 0.172, p = 3.1 × 10−5). c The mediation by cortical volume from the exposure to SNVP on cognition was significant (β = − 0.122, p = 8.5 × 10−7). d The mediation by cortical area from the exposure to SNVP on cognition was significant (β = − 0.136, p = 8.0 × 10−7)

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