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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of cancer patients at the time of cancer diagnosis by exclusive use of NSAIDs

From: Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders following a cancer diagnosis: a nationwide register-based cohort study

Characteristics

No NSAIDs

Aspirin

Non-aspirin NSAIDs

Both NSAIDs

Number

194,198

58,761

49,059

14,886

Year of cancer diagnosis (%)

 2006–2009

86,249 (44.4)

26,731 (45.5)

23,287 (47.5)

7411 (49.8)

 2010–2013

107,949 (55.6)

32,030 (54.5)

25,772 (52.5)

7475 (50.2)

Sex (%)

 Male

99,678 (51.3)

36,861 (62.7)

23,780 (48.5)

8910 (59.9)

 Female

94,520 (48.7)

21,900 (37.3)

25,279 (51.5)

5976 (40.1)

Age at cancer diagnosis, mean [SD], years (%)

65.7 [13.0]

75.4 [9.5]

64.8 [11.8]

73.3 [9.2]

Educational levela (%)

 Low

63,369 (32.6)

27,762 (47.2)

15,859 (32.3)

6546 (44.0)

 Medium

76,981 (39.6)

20,699 (35.2)

20,420 (41.6)

5590 (37.6)

 High

51,399 (26.5)

9267 (15.8)

12,221 (24.9)

2513 (16.9)

 Unknown

2449 (1.3)

1033 (1.8)

559 (1.1)

237 (1.6)

Occupation (%)

 Blue-collar

28,227 (14.5)

2772 (4.7)

8472 (17.3)

901 (6.1)

 White-collar

46,049 (23.7)

4163 (7.1)

10,959 (22.3)

1215 (8.2)

 Not working

119,190 (61.4)

51,743 (88.1)

29,460 (60.1)

12,742 (85.6)

 Unclassified or unknown

732 (0.4)

83 (0.1)

168 (0.3)

28 (0.2)

Region of residenceb (%)

 East

71,206 (36.7)

19,957 (34.0)

17,831 (36.3)

4903 (32.9)

 South

87,891 (45.3)

26,708 (45.5)

22,503 (45.9)

6834 (45.9)

 North

35,101 (18.1)

12,096 (20.6)

8725 (17.8)

3149 (21.2)

Marital status (%)

 Unmarried

29,383 (15.1)

4990 (8.5)

6355 (13.0)

1101 (7.4)

 Married/registered partnership

108,123 (55.7)

31,120 (53.0)

28,141 (57.4)

8242 (55.4)

 Divorced/separated

30,803 (15.9)

8474 (14.4)

8734 (17.8)

2441 (16.4)

 Widow(er)/surviving partner

25,889 (13.3)

14,177 (24.1)

5829 (11.9)

3102 (20.8)

Chronic disease scorec (%)

 0

80,567 (41.5)

25 (0.0)

15,061 (30.7)

19 (0.1)

 1–3

95,079 (49.0)

25,849 (44.0)

29,061 (59.2)

5792 (38.9)

 > 3

18,552 (9.6)

32,887 (56.0)

4937 (10.1)

9075 (61.0)

Diagnosis of potential indications for NSAIDsd (%)

 Cardiovascular disease

30,121 (15.5)

28,326 (48.2)

7573 (15.4)

6823 (45.8)

 Inflammatory musculoskeletal condition

28,002 (14.4)

10,981 (18.7)

14,905 (30.4)

4984 (33.5)

 Inflammatory systemic disease

2792 (1.4)

1296 (2.2)

1135 (2.3)

462 (3.1)

 Pain and fever

2410 (1.2)

630 (1.1)

1044 (2.1)

259 (1.7)

Cancer stagee (%)

 Localized limited

57,011 (29.4)

14,106 (24.0)

13,274 (27.1)

3474 (23.3)

 Localized advanced

11,719 (6.0)

3906 (6.6)

2328 (4.7)

743 (5.0)

 Regional spread

20,914 (10.8)

5571 (9.5)

4730 (9.6)

1314 (8.8)

 Distant metastasis

19,155 (9.9)

6317 (10.8)

5954 (12.1)

1934 (13.0)

 Unknown

72,027 (37.1)

23,868 (40.6)

18,232 (37.2)

5929 (39.8)

 Not applicablef

13,372 (6.9)

4993 (8.5)

4541 (9.3)

1492 (10.0)

Cancer typeg (%)

 Prostate cancer

37,380 (19.2)

12,510 (21.3)

9699 (19.8)

3309 (22.2)

 Breast cancer

30,135 (15.5)

4702 (8.0)

7484 (15.3)

1313 (8.8)

 Gastrointestinal cancer

34,625 (17.8)

11,340 (19.3)

7029 (14.3)

2381 (16.0)

 Lung cancer

11,126 (5.7)

4612 (7.8)

3867 (7.9)

1426 (9.6)

 Non-melanoma skin cancer

11,619 (6.0)

5612 (9.6)

2190 (4.5)

1057 (7.1)

 Melanoma

11,417 (5.9)

2242 (3.8)

2233 (4.6)

547 (3.7)

 Kidney & bladder cancer

10,785 (5.6)

4764 (8.1)

2735 (5.6)

1155 (7.8)

 Gynecological cancer

11,313 (5.8)

2438 (4.1)

2901 (5.9)

615 (4.1)

 Hematological malignancy

13,372 (6.9)

4993 (8.5)

4541 (9.3)

1492 (10.0)

 Other cancers

22,426 (11.5)

5548 (9.4)

6380 (13.0)

1591 (10.7)

  1. Cancer patients were categorized into exclusive groups according to their usage of NSAIDs during the year before cancer diagnosis: non-users (never used any NSAID), aspirin users (used aspirin but not non-aspirin), non-aspirin NSAID users (used non-aspirin NSAIDs but not aspirin), users of both NSAIDs (used both aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs)
  2. aClassified according to years of education: high (college and above), medium (9 years plus 2–3 years secondary school), low (9 years or less), or unknown
  3. bIdentified through the First-level Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS-1
  4. cCalculated based on all medications used within 1 year before cancer diagnosis, after excluding psychiatric medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics from the original codes list that are directly related to the outcome or exposure of interest
  5. dIdentified from the Swedish Patient Register since 2001. The four groups of potential indications are non-exclusive
  6. eDefined by European Network of Cancer Registries Condensed TNM Scheme and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system: localized limited (T-localized/N0/M0 or FIGO 0-I), localized advanced (T-advanced/N0/M0 or FIGO II), regional spread (any T/N+/M0 or FIGO III), distant metastasis (any T/any N/M+ or FIGO IV), or unknown stage
  7. fHematological malignancies were further divided into five subtypes: leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative neoplasm
  8. gDisplayed according to the most common cancer types in this population