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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Radiation recall pneumonitis induced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockades: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Fig. 1

Cytokines and relative signaling pathways potentially involved in RRP. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); transforming growth factor β (TGF-β); interleukins 4, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 18 (IL-4, 6, 10, 13, 17, 18); myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88); cGMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING); nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB); reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS); extracellular regulated protein kinases (Erk); and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)

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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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