Table 3 Comparison of the characteristics of COVID-19 between children and adults
From: Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric COVID-19
Classification | Children | |
|---|---|---|
Exposure to source of transmission | Family cluster (may have maternal-fetal vertical transmission) | Multiple ways (local residents of Wuhan, recently been to Wuhan, contacted with people from Wuhan and wildlife) |
Incubation period (days) | ||
Median (range) | 9 (0–20) | 4 (0–24) |
Quartile (Q1–Q3) | 6–13 | 2–7 |
Clinical diagnosis | ||
Asymptomatic | 5.9% | 1% |
Abnormal chest radiograph | 30% | No data available |
Mild/moderate | 99.3% | 81% |
Severe | 0.6% | 14% |
Critical | 0.3% | 5% |
Clinical symptoms and signs | ||
Fever | 77.9% | 43.1% |
Cough | 32.4% | 67.7% |
Other | Lacrimation, stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, dizziness and headache and myalgia, fatigue, body discomfort | Conjunctival congestion, nasal congestion, headache, sore throat, dyspnea, sputum production, fatigue, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia or arthralgia, chill, throat congestion, tonsil swelling, enlargement of lymph nodes, rash |
Coexisting disorders | Congenital heart | Hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hepatitis B infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal diseases, immunodeficiency, cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, neurological manifestations |
Complications | Heart failure, myocardial injury, liver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, acute kidney injury | Septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, acute cardiac injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, secondary infection |
Treatment | Symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment, TCM, antibiotic treatment, nutritional support therapy, interferon therapy, immunoglobulin therapy, glucocorticoid therapy, mechanical ventilation | Symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment, antibiotic treatment, antifungal medications, corticosteroids, immunoglobulin therapy, TCM, interferon therapy, noninvasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) |
Clinical outcomes | ||
Death | 0 | 2.3% |
Time from onset to cure (days) | ||
Median (range) | 16 (6–39) | No data available |
Quartile (Q1–Q3) | 13–21 | No data available |