Table 1 General characteristics of the study cohort of 120 representative individuals, each with at least eighteen 24-h dietary records (means ± SD for continuous variables; relative frequencies for qualitative variables)
Characteristics | Age group (years) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
45–60 | > 60 | |||||
Men | Women | p | Men | Women | p | |
N | 40 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||
Age, years | 57.0 ± 4.5 | 58.0 ± 4.4 | 0.27 | 70.3 ± 4.6 | 69.2 ± 4.7 | 0.45 |
Educational level | ||||||
Primary or less | 0 | 5 | 0.44 | 5 | 15 | 0.55 |
Secondary | 37.5 | 42.5 | 30 | 30 | ||
University | 62.5 | 52.5 | 65 | 55 | ||
Tobacco smoking | ||||||
Non-smokers | 47.5 | 47.5 | 0.6 | 30 | 45 | 0.28 |
Ex-smokers | 37.5 | 45 | 60 | 35 | ||
Current smokers | 15 | 7.5 | 10 | 20 | ||
Energy intake, kcal/day | 2411 ± 450 | 1774 ± 336 | 0.0001 | 2247 ± 387 | 1780 ± 252 | 0.0001 |
Proteins intake, g/day | 94.1 ± 18.6 | 74.1 ± 16.9 | 0.0001 | 93.3 ± 18.4 | 74.0 ± 12.5 | 0.0004 |
Animal protein intake, g/day | 62.1 ± 16.7 | 49.3 ± 16.0 | 0.0008 | 62.3 ± 18.1 | 49.5 ± 11.5 | 0.01 |
Lipids intakes, g/day | 102.3 ± 23.0 | 74.9 ± 16.3 | 0.0001 | 92.6 ± 20.3 | 80.3 ± 18.1 | 0.051 |
Carbohydrates intakes, g/day | 252.5 ± 64.8 | 189.6 ± 46.1 | 0.0001 | 226.2 ± 56.6 | 174.9 ± 33.9 | 0.001 |
Number of 24-h dietary records | 21.4 ± 2.9 | 21.6 ± 3.3 | 0.83 | 21.7 ± 3.2 | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 0.26 |