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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population according to sex

From: Arterial calcification at multiple sites: sex-specific cardiovascular risk profiles and mortality risk—the Rotterdam Study

 

Women, N = 1239

Men, N = 1118

P value*

Age (years)

69.5 (6.9)

69.6 (6.6)

0.606

BMI (kg/m2)

27.8 (4.4)

27.4 (3.5)

0.010

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.9 (0.1)

1.0 (0.1)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

147.3 (20.6)

146.1 (19.6)

0.151

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.2 (10.6)

81.4 (10.8)

< 0.001

Pulse pressure (mmHg)

68.1 (17.8)

64.7 (16.8)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.9 (1.0)

5.4 (0.9)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.6 (0.4)

1.3 (0.3)

< 0.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.7 (1.3)

5.8 (1.2)

0.006

Current smoking

169 (13.6)

196 (17.4)

0.009

Use of lipid-lowering medication

295 (23.8)

254 (22.6)

0.383

Use of blood pressure-lowering medication

482 (38.9)

458 (41.0)

0.346

Antidiabetic therapy

77 (6.2)

80 (7.2)

0.406

History of cardiovascular disease

74 (6.0)

157 (14.0)

< 0.001

Presence of calcification

 CAC

923 (74.5)

1010 (90.3)

< 0.001

 AAC

1140 (92.0)

1044 (93.4)

0.202

 ECAC

836 (67.5)

889 (79.5)

< 0.001

 ICAC

1001 (80.8)

925 (82.7)

0.222

 VBAC

223 (18.0)

254 (22.7)

0.004

 AVC

332 (26.8)

436 (39.0)

0.001

Volumes of calcification

 CAC (mm3)a

16.5 (0.0–117.9)

132.2 (18.3–485.5)

< 0.001

 AAC (mm3)a

226.9 (40.7–805.6)

281.9 (51.7–949.2)

0.073

 ECAC (mm3)a

12.4 (0.0–76.4)

41.3 (1.9–153.5)

< 0.001

 ICAC (mm3)a

35.4 (5.5–118.0)

50.6 (9.2–172.3)

0.001

 VBAC (mm3)a

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.005

 AVC (mm3)a

0.0 (0.0–6.3)

0.0 (0.0–42.7)

< 0.001

  1. Values are in means (standard deviations) for continuous variables, and absolute numbers (percentages) for categorical variables
  2. CAC coronary artery calcification, AAC aortic arch calcification, ECAC extracranial carotid artery calcification, ICAC intracranial carotid artery calcification, VBAC vertebrobasilar artery calcification, AVC aortic valve calcification
  3. aMedian (interquartile range)
  4. *P value of characteristic differences between men and women estimated using the t test or Mann-Whitney U test for (skewed) continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables