Antibody responses to a suite of novel serological markers for malaria surveillance demonstrate strong correlation with clinical and parasitological infection across seasons and transmission settings in The Gambia

Table 6 Odds of clinical malaria and asymptomatic Pf infection by compound serological status. Estimates are weighted by compound size and shown as unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for age group (< 5 years, 5–15 years, and > 15 years)

Odds of clinical malaria or asymptomatic Pf infection for individuals residing in sero-positive compounds
	Unadjusted			Adjusted
	OR	95% CI	p value	aOR	95% CI	p value
Etramp5.Ag1
Clinical malaria	0.19	0.03–1.06	0.059	0.17	0.03–0.89	0.036
Asymptomatic infection	2.83	1.62–4.96	< 0.001	2.87	1.62–5.07	< 0.001
GEXP18
Clinical malaria	0.13	0.02–0.90	0.039	0.11	0.02–0.73	0.022
Asymptomatic infection	2.65	1.58–4.47	< 0.001	2.61	1.54–4.42	< 0.001
HSP40.Ag1
Clinical malaria	0.14	0.02–0.80	0.027	0.13	0.02–0.70	0.018
Asymptomatic infection	1.32	0.77–2.28	0.316	1.38	0.79–2.41	0.257
Rh2.2030
Clinical malaria	0.07	0.01–0.48	0.006	0.06	0.01–0.35	0.002
Asymptomatic infection	1.69	0.96–2.99	0.070	1.92	1.10–3.36	0.022
EBA175
Clinical malaria	0.07	0.01–0.61	0.016	0.07	0.01–0.57	0.013
Asymptomatic infection	1.00	0.50–2.01	0.992	1.02	0.50–2.09	0.954
PfMSP1₁₉
Clinical malaria	0.15	0.03–0.87	0.034	0.12	0.03–0.50	0.004
Asymptomatic infection	1.87	1.15–3.06	0.012	1.95	1.19–3.20	0.008
PfAMA1
Clinical malaria	0.06	0.01–0.62	0.018	0.05	0.01–0.52	0.011
Asymptomatic infection	1.96	1.01–3.81	0.046	1.99	1.00–3.93	0.048
PfGLURP.R2
Clinical malaria	0.06	0.01–0.53	0.012	0.05	0.01–0.43	0.006
Asymptomatic infection	1.59	0.85–2.97	0.145	1.52	0.77–3.01	0.228

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