Table 1 Characteristics of complex systems with corresponding markers and test procedures
From: Complexity in psychological self-ratings: implications for research and practice
| Characteristic of complex system | Marker | Test |
|---|---|---|
| Memory |
• Dependency on past values • Long-range temporal correlations • Non-stationary temporal correlations |
• Bartels rank test • Inspect (partial) autocorrelation functions • Time-varying autoregressive model |
| Regime shifts | • Non-stationarity |
• KPSS test for level stationary time series • Nonparametric change point analysis |
| Sensitive dependence on initial conditions | • Limited predictive horizon | • Forecast skill (Sugihara-May algorithm) |