Table 1 Characteristics of the EDEN study population (n = 568)
Characteristics | All (n = 568), n (%) | Non-smoker (n = 381 (67%)), n (%) | Former smoker (n = 70 (12%)), n (%) | Current smoker (n = 117 (21%)), n (%) | p value* |
Center | < 0.01 | ||||
Poitiers | 231 (41) | 140 (37) | 25 (36) | 66 (56) | |
Nancy | 337 (59) | 241 (63) | 45 (64) | 51 (44) | |
Sex of offspring | 0.24 | ||||
Male | 293 (52) | 206 (54) | 33 (47) | 54 (46) | |
Female | 275 (48) | 175 (46) | 37 (53) | 63 (54) | |
Parity | 0.71 | ||||
0 | 239 (42) | 155 (41) | 35 (50) | 49 (42) | |
1 | 226 (40) | 156 (41) | 24 (34) | 46 (39) | |
≥ 2 | 102 (18) | 69 (18) | 11 (16) | 22 (19) | |
Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |||
Maternal age at the end of education (years) | < 0.01 | ||||
≤ 18 | 105 (18) | 51 (13) | 12 (17) | 42 (36) | |
19–20 | 89 (16) | 58 (15) | 11 (16) | 20 (17) | |
21–22 | 127 (22) | 91 (24) | 12 (17) | 24 (21) | |
23–24 | 134 (24) | 105 (28) | 14 (20) | 15 (13) | |
≥ 25 | 113 (20) | 76 (20) | 21 (30) | 16 (14) | |
Season of conception | 0.50 | ||||
January to March | 120 (21) | 80 (21) | 15 (21) | 25 (21) | |
April to June | 129 (23) | 89 (23) | 19 (27) | 21 (18) | |
July to September | 157 (28) | 110 (29) | 18 (26) | 29 (25) | |
October to December | 162 (29) | 102 (27) | 18 (26) | 42 (36) | |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.08 | ||||
< 18.5 | 47 (8) | 26 (7) | 5 (7) | 16 (14) | |
18.5–25 | 385 (68) | 258 (68) | 52 (74) | 75 (64) | |
25–30 | 94 (17) | 65 (17) | 12 (17) | 17 (15) | |
≥ 30 | 34 (6) | 25 (7) | 9 (8) | ||
Missing | 8 (1) | 7 (2) | 1 (1) | ||
Preterm births | 30 (5) | 20 (5) | 4 (6) | 6 (5) | 0.98 |
Paternal smoking at conception | < 0.01 | ||||
No | 265 (46.7) | 233 (61.2) | 17 (24.6) | 15 (12.8) | |
Yes | 220 (38.8) | 100 (26.2) | 41 (59.4) | 79 (67.5) | |
Missing | 82 (14.5) | 48 (12.6) | 11 (15.9) | 23 (19.7) | |
Paternal smoking during pregnancy | < 0.01 | ||||
No | 285 (50) | 247 (65) | 24 (34) | 14 (12) | |
Yes | 206 (36) | 91 (24) | 36 (51) | 79 (68) | |
Missing | 77 (14) | 43 (11) | 10 (14) | 24 (21) | |
Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | < 0.01 | ||||
No | 365 (64) | 300 (78.7) | 45 (64.3) | 20 (17.1) | |
Yes | 158 (28) | 51 (13.4) | 18 (25.7) | 89 (76.1) | |
Missing/intermittently exposed | 45 (8) | 30 (7.9) | 7 (10.0) | 8 (6.8) | |
Continuous covariates | |||||
Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | ||
Maternal age (years) | 29 [26, 32] | 30 [27, 33] | 28 [26, 32] | 27 [24, 31] | < 0.01 |
Gestational duration (weeks) | 40 [39, 41] | 40 [39, 41] | 40 [39, 41] | 40 [39, 41] | 0.23 |
Birthweight (g) | 3330 [3030, 3630] | 3360 [3070, 3670] | 3330 [3070, 3657] | 3230 [2920, 3420] | < 0.01 |
Estimated cellular heterogeneity | |||||
1st covariate | 0.14 [0.05, 0.22] | 0.14 [0.04, 0.22] | 0.12 [0.03, 0.21] | 0.15 [0.09, 0.22] | 0.10 |
2nd covariate | 0.15 [0.06, 0.24] | 0.15 [0.06, 0.24] | 0.17 [0.09, 0.25] | 0.15 [0.05, 0.25] | 0.57 |
3rd covariate | 0.34 [0.17, 0.46] | 0.35 [0.17, 0.47] | 0.33 [0.18, 0.42] | 0.31 [0.17, 0.46] | 0.54 |
4th covariate | 0.11 [0.06, 0.18] | 0.10 [0.05, 0.16] | 0.13 [0.08, 0.19] | 0.13 [0.07, 0.19] | 0.01 |
5th covariate | 0.06 [0.01, 0.12] | 0.06 [0.01, 0.12] | 0.06 [0.00, 0.10] | 0.09 [0.03, 0.13] | 0.05 |
6th covariate | 0.11 [0.04, 0.21] | 0.11 [0.05, 0.24] | 0.11 [0.05, 0.22] | 0.09 [0.04, 0.16] | 0.11 |