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Table 2 Sample characteristics

From: Early warning signals in psychopathology: what do they tell?

 

Depression (n = 180)

Anxiety (n = 192)

Somatic complaints (n = 184)

Interpersonal sensitivity (n = 166)

No. male (%)

63 (35)

66 (34)

67 (36)

64 (39)

Age, mean (SD), years

17.9 (4.3)

18.0 (4.4)

17.9 (4.0)

17.9 (4.3)

No. of completed affect ratings, mean (SD)

45.3 (7.7)

45.4 (7.5)

45.4 (7.5)

45.4 (7.2)

Baseline SCL-90 domain score, mean (SD)

1.32 (0.33)

1.26 (0.34)

1.31 (0.37)

1.34 (0.34)

Follow-up SCL-90 domain score, mean (SD)

1.60 (0.51)

1.47 (0.51)

1.58 (0.56)

1.60 (0.50)

Baseline SCL-90 GSI, mean (SD)

0.36 (0.28)

0.39 (0.30)

0.40 (0.32)

0.36 (0.30)

Baseline no. above clinical threshold (%)a

24 (13)

35 (18)

32 (17)

25 (15)

Follow-up SCL-90 GSI, mean (SD)

0.49 (0.38)

0.48 (0.38)

0.49 (0.40)

0.51 (0.40)

Follow-up no. above clinical threshold (%)

55 (31)

56 (29)

57 (31)

54 (33)

Symptom increases above RCI (%)b

56 (31)

50 (26)

48 (26)

52 (31)

ESM items, mean (SD)

 Down

1.64 (0.78)

1.69 (0.80)

1.74 (0.85)

1.70 (0.83)

 Listless

1.74 (0.86)

1.81 (0.88)

1.79 (0.87)

1.79 (0.90)

 Anxious

1.39 (0.59)

1.45 (0.64)

1.45 (0.66)

1.44 (0.64)

 Not relaxed

2.84 (1.18)

2.90 (1.20)

2.90 (1.19)

2.84 (1.21)

 Unwell

2.73 (0.83)

2.78 (0.84)

2.79 (0.83)

2.77 (0.84)

 Insecure

1.60 (0.79)

1.69 (0.84)

1.71 (0.85)

1.63 (0.83)

 Suspicious

1.38 (0.56)

1.43 (0.61)

1.42 (0.61)

1.39 (0.58)

  1. Samples were labeled according to the SCL-90 domain that was evaluated in subsequent analyses. Note that mean SCL-90 domain scores refer to the domain of interest (e.g., for depression, mean raw SCL-90 scores for the depression domain are presented). Means and standard deviations of ESM items were calculated within individuals within samples. ESM experience sampling method, GSI global severity index, RCI reliable change index, SCL-90 Symptom Checklist 90, SD standard deviation
  2. aFollowing the recommendations of Schauenburg and Strack [39], a GSI of 0.57 was adopted as clinical threshold
  3. bThe RCI equals 0.43 (for baseline GSI scores > .57) or 0.16 (for baseline GSI scores < 0.57; Schauenburg and Strack [39])