Early warning signals in psychopathology: what do they tell?

Table 3 Standardized coefficients of interaction effects retrieved from multilevel models: EWS as predictors of symptom increases

Affect item	Depression (n = 180)		Anxiety (n = 192)		Somatic complaints (n = 184)		Interpersonal sensitivity (n = 166)
Affect item	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Down	0.02	0.02	0.04^†	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03
Listless	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03
Anxious	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.03
Not relaxed	0.01	0.02	0.04^†	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02
Unwell	− 0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.02	− 0.03	0.02
Insecure	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.05^†	0.02
Suspicious	0.08^†	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.12*	0.03

Coefficients refer to the standardized interaction effect of affect ratings at time t-1 and increases in psychopathological symptom severity on affect ratings at time t. This effect describes the relation between autocorrelations and symptom shifts. Note that other coefficients estimated by the multilevel model described in footnote 2, as well as the unstandardized estimates, are reported in Additional file 1, Tables S2 and S3. SE standard error
*Significant at α = 0.05, with P values adjusted according to Hochberg’s procedure
^†Significant at α = 0.05, without multiple testing correction

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