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Fig. 4 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Association between childhood trauma and risk for obesity: a putative neurocognitive developmental pathway

Fig. 4

Associations among frontopolar volumes, childhood trauma, and BMI in the IMAGEN study. a-b The associations of the frontopolar volume with both childhood abuse and BMI in male participants at age 19 years. The frontopolar volumes were identified as the GMVs of brain region associated with both childhood abuse and BMI (marked by blue and red in Fig. 2a). These cross-sectional analyses indicated two potential paths among childhood abuse, frontopolar volume, and BMI. c Cross-lagged panel analysis between frontopolar volume and BMI. In males who did not experience childhood abuse, baseline BMI was significantly associated with frontopolar volume at follow-up (up); while in males who did experience childhood abuse, paths existed at both directions (down). d Association between BMI at age 14 years and frontopolar volumetric change between age 14 and 19; these analyses based on longitudinal designs indicated the interaction between the frontopolar volume at age 14 years and childhood abuse contributed to explaining weight gain. NoCA, no childhood abuse; CA, childhood abuse; BMI, body mass index

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