Table 2 The top five most commonly reported pathogens in Eastern Africa, stratified by time period
1980 to ≤ 1990 | 1991 to ≤ 2000 | 2001 to ≤ 2010 | 2011 to ≤ 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Typhoidal Salmonella (n = 5) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 7) | Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 30) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 29) |
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 4) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 24) | Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 28) | |
Borrelia spp. (n = 4) | Escherichia coli (n = 7) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 22) | Escherichia coli (n = 23) | |
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) | Rickettsia typhi (n = 5) | Escherichia coli (n = 22) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 20) | |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2) | Haemophilus spp. (n = 5) | Haemophilus spp. (n = 20) | Klebsiella spp. (n = 13) | |
Viruses | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 6) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 9) | Ebola virus (n = 9) | Dengue virus (n = 13) |
Ebola virus (n = 5) | Yellow fever virus (n = 5) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 7) | Chikungunya virus (n = 12) | |
Chikungunya virus (n = 5) | O’nyong-nyong virus (n = 3) | Chikungunya virus (n = 4) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 11) | |
Wesselsbron virus (n = 4) | West Nile virus (n = 2) | Marburg virus (n = 2) | Yellow fever virus (n = 9) | |
CCHF virus (n = 3) | CCHF virus (n = 2) | Dengue virus (n = 2) | West Nile virus (n = 4) | |
Parasites | Family Trypanosomatidae (n = 1) | Toxocara spp. (n = 1) | Wuchereria bancrofti (n = 1) | Leishmania spp. (n = 1) |
– | – | Trypanosoma spp. (n = 1) | Babesia spp. (n = 1) | |
– | – | Leishmania spp. (n = 1) | – | |
Fungi | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 1) | Candida albicans (n = 2) | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 2) | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 3) |
– | Candida spp. (n = 1) | Fungus (n = 1) | Candida spp. (n = 2) | |
– | – | Candida spp. (n = 1) | – |