Table 3 The top five most commonly reported pathogens in Western Africa, stratified by time period
1980 to ≤ 1990 | 1991 to ≤ 2000 | 2001 to ≤ 2010 | 2011 to ≤ 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 20) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 22) |
Typhoidal Salmonella (n = 5) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 9) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 16) | Escherichia coli (n = 21) | |
Klebsiella spp. (n = 4) | Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 8) | Escherichia coli (n = 16) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 16) | |
Citrobacter spp. (n = 4) | Neisseria meningitidis (n = 7) | Klebsiella spp. (n = 11) | Klebsiella spp. (n = 13) | |
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 4) | Escherichia coli (n = 5) | Streptococcus spp. (n = 10) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12) | |
Viruses | Yellow fever virus (n = 14) | Yellow fever virus (n = 11) | Yellow fever virus (n = 11) | Ebola virus (n = 15) |
Lassa virus (n = 12) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 3) | Lassa virus (n = 6) | Lassa virus (n = 11) | |
Rift Valley fever virus (n = 8) | Lassa virus (n = 2) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 4) | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 7) | |
CCHF virus (n = 7) | Measles virus (n = 1) | CCHF virus (n = 2) | Dengue virus (n = 7) | |
Chikungunya virus (n = 3) | CCHF virus (n = 1) | Dengue virus (n = 2) | Yellow fever virus (n = 5) | |
Parasites | Loa loa (n = 1) | Leishmania spp. (n = 1) | Trypanosoma spp. (n = 1) | Wuchereria bancrofti (n = 1) |
Leishmania spp. (n = 1) | – | Leishmania spp. (n = 1) | Mansonella perstans (n = 1) | |
Fungi | – | Candida spp. (n = 1) | – | Candida spp. (n = 2) |
– | Candida albicans (n = 1) | – | Penicillium spp. (n = 1) | |
– | – | – | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 1) | |
– | – | – | Candida albicans (n = 1) | |
– | – | – | Aspergillus niger (n = 1) |