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Table 1 Characteristics of malaria patients and matched population comparators

From: Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study

 

Malaria patients, all sourcesa (N = 4125)b

Matched comparator cohort from the general population (N = 66,997)

Sex, female, n (%)

1622 (39.3)

26,991 (40.3)

Age

 Age at start of follow-up, mean (± SD) years

34.7 (± 18.5)

35.5 (± 18.9)

 Attained age at end of follow-up, mean (± SD) years

48.0 (± 18.7)

49.6 (± 19.0)

 Children < 18 y, at inclusion, n (%)

676 (16.4)

9627 (14.4)

 Age ≥ 65 y, at inclusion, n (%)

273 (6.6)

5091 (7.6)

Follow-up

 Total follow-up, person-years

54,739

943,828

 Average follow-up, person-years (SD)

13.3 (± 8.3)

14.1 (± 8.4)

Country of birthc

 Sub-Saharan Africa, n (%)

1307 (31.7)

12,758 (19.0)

 Other low-endemic regions, n (%)

295 (7.2)

4899 (7.3)

 Sweden/non-endemic region, n (%)

2523 (61.1)

49,332 (73.6)

Co-infections

 HIV before/at inclusion, or during follow-upd, n (%)

54 (1.3), 49 (1.2)

228 (0.3), 164 (0.2)3

 Hepatitis B before/at inclusion, or during follow-upe, n (%)

26 (0.6), 39 (1.0)

235 (0.4), 307 (0.5)

 Hepatitis C before/at inclusion, or during follow-up, n (%)

14 (0.3), 19 (0.5)

124 (0.2), 333 (0.5)

Incident lymphoid neoplasms, n (%)

20 (0.48)

304 (0.45)

 Lymphoid neoplasm within 1 year, n (%)

0

17 (5.6)

 Lymphoid neoplasm after 1–5 y, n (%)

5 (25.0)

65 (21.4)

 Lymphoid neoplasm after > 5 y, n (%)

15 (75.0)

222 (73.0)

 

Malaria patients, all sources (N = 4027)f

Matched comparator cohort from the general population (N = 63,588)

Incident cancerg, n (%)

202 (5.0)

3993 (6.2)

 Total follow-up, person-years

55,361

924,517

 Average follow-up, person-years (SD)

13.7 (± 8.1)

14.5 (± 8.3)

  1. N total number, n number, SD standard deviation, y years
  2. aIncludes 2854 patients with confirmed malaria, of which 2815 patients notified to the Public Health Agency 1987–2015 and 39 (1.4%) cases not notified to the Public Health Agency but microbiological confirmed. Additional 1271 patients with unnotified malaria identified through the National Inpatient Register 1987–2015 (N = 841) and Outpatient Register 2001–2015 (n = 430) with a diagnosis of malaria according to ICD-10 (B50.0-B54.9) or ICD-9 (084A-H, 084W, 084X)
  3. bPatients with previous lymphoid neoplasms excluded: 2 patients with notified malaria and 8 patients with malaria identified in the National Inpatient Register. Three malaria cases from the National Inpatient Register were excluded because of lymphoid neoplasm within 6 months
  4. cn = 8 of comparators with missing information on country of birth. Two malaria cases with missing information on birth where data on birth country was retrieved through the clinical database
  5. dAdditionally, 1 case of HIV after lymphoma in a malaria patient and 4 among comparators
  6. eAdditionally, 1 case of hepatitis B after lymphoma in a malaria patient
  7. fPatients with previous cancer (non-haematological) were excluded: 98 malaria patients with previous cancer and 16 with cancer within 6 months
  8. gAll cancers except for non-melanoma skin cancers, leukaemia and lymphoma (ICD-7: 140-190, 192-199)