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Table 4 Hazard ratios for incident lymphoid neoplasm and other cancer in malaria patients born in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

From: Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Population born in SSA, all registered periods of stay in Sweden from 1987

Malaria all sourcesa: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1426; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,721

Confirmed malariab: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1165; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,721

 

Lymphoid neoplasms in periods after malaria diagnosis, n

Lymphoid neoplasms in periods without malaria diagnosis, n

HR (95% CI)

adjHRc (95% CI)

Lymphoid neoplasms in periods after malaria diagnosis, n

HR (95% CI)

adjHRc (95% CI)

All

6

206

2.39 (1.06–5.40)

2.33 (1.03–5.26)

6

2.97 (1.32–6.70)

2.88 (1.27–6.51)

Time spent in an endemic region

 < 30 years

3

101

2.19 (0.69–6.94)

2.17 (0.68–6.90)

3

2.75 (0.87–8.74)

2.73 (0.86–8.70)

 ≥ 30 years

3

105

2.70 (0.85–8.51)

2.51 (0.79–7.94)

3

3.25 (1.03–10.28)

3.01 (0.95–9.56)

Sex

 Male

4

125

2.02 (0.74–5.47)

1.99 (0.73–5.41)

4

2.48 (0.91–6.72)

2.44 (0.90–6.63)

 Female

2

81

3.12 (0.77–12.75)

3.36 (0.82–13.75)

2

3.96 (0.97–16.15)

4.31 (1.05–17.68)

Malaria all sourcesd: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1419; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,611

Confirmed malariae: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1160; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,611

 

Cancerf in periods after malaria diagnosis, n

Cancer in periods without malaria diagnosis, n

HR (95% CI)

adjHRc (95% CI)

Cancerf in periods after malaria diagnosis, n

HR (95% CI)

adjHRc (95% CI)

All

30

2376

1.01 (0.70–1.45)

1.14 (0.79–1.63)

22

0.92 (0.60–1.40)

1.04 (0.68–1.59)

  1. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, adjHR adjusted hazard ratio, N total number, n number, SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
  2. aPatients with malaria identified by all sources (Public Health Agency, microbiology and infectious disease departments, National Patient Register), without previous lymphoid neoplasms
  3. bPatients with malaria identified by the Public Health Agency or microbiology and infectious disease departments, without previous lymphoid neoplasms
  4. cAdjusted for sex and calendar period. Age as an underlying timescale in all analyses
  5. dPatients with malaria identified by all sources (Public Health Agency, microbiology and infectious disease departments, National Patient Register), without previous cancer
  6. ePatients with malaria identified by the Public Health Agency or microbiology and infectious disease departments, without previous cancer
  7. fAll cancers except for non-melanoma skin cancers, leukaemia and lymphoma (ICD-7: 140-190, 192-199)
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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