Impact of the common MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism on blood pressure in adulthood and role of riboflavin in modifying the genetic risk of hypertension: evidence from the JINGO project

Table 2 Factors associated with risk of hypertension in adults 18–70 years

	All (n = 2566)			On antihypertensive drugs (n = 1255)			Not on antihypertensive drugs (n = 1311)
	OR	95% CI	P^b	OR	95% CI	P^b	OR	95% CI	P^a
Age, years	1.04	1.03–1.05	< 0.001	1.01	0.98–1.04	0.568	1.05	1.03–1.06	< 0.001
Sex, male	1.86	1.50–2.32	< 0.001	1.69	1.28–2.25	0.001	1.77	1.23–2.56	0.002
BMI, kg/m²	1.06	1.04–1.08	< 0.001	1.03	1.01–1.05	0.009	1.11	1.07–1.15	< 0.001
Alcohol intake, units per week	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.005	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.325	1.03	1.01–1.04	< 0.001
Antihypertensive medication use^b	2.01	1.60–2.52	< 0.001
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	1.00	0.99–1.00	0.307	1.00	0.99–1.00	0.189	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.340
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	1.26	1.15–1.38	< 0.001	1.25	1.11–1.41	< 0.001	1.23	1.07–1.41	0.004
Smoking
Past	0.98	0.80–1.19	0.826	0.97	0.75–1.26	0.834	1.02	0.74–1.41	0.888
Current	1.03	0.79–1.33	0.845	0.92	0.64–1.31	0.630	1.10	0.75–1.62	0.618
Study cohort^c	1.79	1.29–2.48	< 0.001	2.40	1.40–4.11	< 0.001	2.09	1.31–3.32	0.002
Plasma homocysteine, μmol/L	1.00	0.98–1.02	0.958	0.98	0.96–1.00	0.074	1.06	1.02–1.10	0.002
MTHFR genotype^d
CT	1.18	0.98–1.43	0.082	1.35	1.05–1.73	0.018	0.98	0.73–1.32	0.889
TT	1.42	1.07–1.90	0.016	1.40	0.95–2.06	0.093	1.37	0.88–2.11	0.161

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
^aData analysed by logistic regression to predict hypertension as the categorical dependent variable; hypertension defined as systolic BP of ≥ 140 and/or a diastolic BP of ≥ 90 mmHg [1]
^bAs a binary (yes/no) covariate
^cComparing TUDA cohort with NANS cohort (reference category). See supplementary Table S1 for participant characteristics presented separately for each study cohort
^dCT (heterozygous) and TT (homozygous variant) genotypes for the MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism; reference category is the CC genotype

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