Fig. 4

Cost-effective expansion pathway for reducing the prevalence of stunting in children under five (top left), wasting in children under five (top right) and anaemia in women of reproductive age (bottom left). The additional cost and impact at sequential steps are calculated by taking continued status quo outcomes 2019–2030 aggregated over all countries, and sequentially increasing intervention coverage in all countries from baseline to 95% over a 5-year period (2019–2024). Variations in prioritisation exist for individual countries (Additional file 2). Maximum impact is the total cases averted across all countries when all 18 interventions were scaled up simultaneously. Abbreviations: IFA, iron and folic acid; IFA supp., iron and folic acid supplementation; IPTp, intermittent preventative treatment of malaria during pregnancy; IYCF, infant and young child feeding; LNS, lipid-based nutrition supplements; MMS, multiple micronutrient supplementation; PW, pregnant women