Cycles of violence in England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk of violence revictimisation in adulthood

Table 2 Associations between childhood abuse (< 16 years) and lifetime intimate partner violence victimisation (≥ 16 years) (N = 19,471)

		Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs
				LL	UL			LL	UL			LL	UL
Childhood psychological abuse		–				< 0.001	2.78	2.45	3.15	< 0.001	1.56	1.33	1.82
Childhood physical abuse		–				< 0.001	1.79	1.55	2.07	< 0.05	1.21	1.03	1.42
Childhood sexual abuse		–				< 0.001	2.06	1.83	2.33	NS
Childhood witnessing domestic violence		–				< 0.001	1.76	1.55	2.00	NS
Childhood abuse count	None (ref.)	< 0.001				–				< 0.001
	Single type	< 0.001	3.27	2.95	3.62	–				< 0.001	2.85	2.54	3.19
	Multiple types	< 0.001	6.41	5.75	7.15	–				< 0.001	3.96	3.22	4.87
Sex	Female	< 0.001	2.52	2.32	2.74	< 0.001	2.53	2.33	2.76	< 0.001	2.57	2.36	2.79
Age	50–59 (ref.)					< 0.001				< 0.001
	16–19	< 0.01	0.65	0.49	0.85	< 0.05	0.64	0.48	0.83	< 0.01	0.62	0.48	0.82
	20–29	NS	0.97	0.86	1.10	NS	0.96	0.85	1.08	NS	0.96	0.85	1.09
	30–39	< 0.05	1.14	1.02	1.27	< 0.05	1.13	1.02	1.26	< 0.05	1.13	1.02	1.26
	40–49	< 0.001	1.25	1.13	1.39	< 0.001	1.24	1.12	1.37	< 0.001	1.25	1.12	1.38
Ethnicity	White	< 0.001	1.91	1.65	2.21	< 0.001	1.97	1.70	2.28	< 0.001	1.91	1.65	2.21
Deprivation	Least deprived (ref.)					< 0.001				< 0.001
	Most deprived—1	< 0.001	1.43	1.26	1.62	< 0.001	1.40	1.23	1.58	< 0.001	1.42	1.25	1.61
	2	< 0.001	1.40	1.23	1.58	< 0.001	1.40	1.24	1.58	< 0.001	1.39	1.23	1.58
	3	< 0.001	1.26	1.12	1.43	< 0.001	1.25	1.11	1.42	< 0.001	1.26	1.11	1.42
	4	NS	1.11	0.98	1.25	NS	1.10	0.97	1.25	NS	1.11	0.98	1.25

Notes. Limited to adults aged 16–59 years who completed the CSEW 2015/2016 self-completion modules. AOR adjusted odds ratio, 95% CIs 95% confidence intervals, LL lower limit, UL upper limit
Model 1: Childhood abuse count was entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics (sex, age, ethnicity, and deprivation quintiles)
Model 2: All childhood abuse types were entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics
Model 3: All childhood abuse types and childhood abuse count were entered into a regression, controlling for sociodemographics

ISSN: 1741-7015