Cycles of violence in England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk of violence revictimisation in adulthood

Table 3 Associations between childhood abuse (< 16 years) and lifetime sexual violence victimisation (≥ 16 years) (N = 20,129)

		Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs
				LL	UL			LL	UL			LL	UL
Childhood psychological abuse		–				< 0.001	2.53	2.19	2.92	< 0.001	1.63	1.34	1.98
Childhood physical abuse		–				< 0.001	1.50	1.27	1.78	NS
Childhood sexual abuse		–				< 0.001	4.20	3.71	4.75	< 0.001	2.47	2.10	2.91
Childhood witnessing domestic violence		–				< 0.001	1.46	1.26	1.69	NS
Childhood abuse count	None (ref.)	< 0.001				–				< 0.001
	Single type	< 0.001	3.58	3.195	4.01	–				< 0.001	2.16	1.85	2.52
	Multiple types	< 0.001	6.89	6.11	7.76	–				< 0.001	3.06	2.42	3.86
Sex	Female	< 0.001	6.77	5.99	7.66	< 0.001	6.36	5.62	7.21	< 0.001	6.29	5.56	7.12
Age	50–59 (ref.)	NS				NS				NS
	16–19
	20–29
	30–39
	40–49
Ethnicity	White	< 0.001	1.51	1.28	1.78	< 0.001	1.55	1.32	1.84	< 0.001	1.52	1.28	1.79
Deprivation	Least deprived (ref.)	< 0.001				< 0.001				< 0.001
	Most deprived—1	< 0.001	0.72	0.62	0.83	< 0.001	0.71	0.61	0.82	< 0.001	0.72	0.62	0.84
	2	NS	0.88	0.76	1.01	NS	0.91	0.79	1.05	NS	0.91	0.79	1.05
	3	NS	0.97	0.85	1.12	NS	0.98	0.85	1.12	NS	0.98	0.85	1.12
	4	NS	1.14	0.99	1.30	NS	1.14	0.99	1.30	NS	1.14	0.99	1.31

Notes. Limited to adults aged 16–59 years who completed the CSEW 2015/2016 self-completion modules. AOR adjusted odds ratio, 95% CIs 95% confidence intervals, LL lower limit, UL upper limit
Model 1: Childhood abuse count was entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics (sex, age, ethnicity, and deprivation quintiles)
Model 2: All childhood abuse types were entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics
Model 3: All childhood abuse types and childhood abuse count were entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics

ISSN: 1741-7015