Cycles of violence in England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk of violence revictimisation in adulthood

Table 4 Associations between childhood abuse (< 16 years) and past year physical assault victimisation (≥ 16 years) (N = 21,810)

		Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs		Sig.	AOR	95% CIs
				LL	UL			LL	UL			LL	UL
Childhood psychological abuse		–				< 0.001	2.37	1.84	3.06	< 0.01	1.61	1.13	2.31
Childhood physical abuse		–				NS				NS
Childhood sexual abuse		–				< 0.01	1.61	1.21	2.14	NS
Childhood witnessing domestic violence		–				< 0.01	1.50	1.14	1.98	NS
Childhood abuse count	None (ref.)	< 0.001				–				< 0.001
	Single type	< 0.001	2.16	1.70	2.75	–				< 0.001	1.86	1.42	2.45
	Multiple types	< 0.001	3.37	2.68	4.24	–				< 0.001	2.25	1.53	3.32
Sex	Female	< 0.001	0.68	0.57	0.81	< 0.001	0.67	0.56	0.80	< 0.001	0.69	0.58	0.82
Age	50–59 (ref.)	< 0.001				< 0.001				< 0.001
	16–19	< 0.001	2.13	1.40	3.27	< 0.01	2.08	1.36	3.19	< 0.01	2.07	1.35	3.17
	20–29	< 0.001	2.20	1.68	2.88	< 0.001	2.16	1.65	2.83	< 0.001	2.17	1.66	2.83
	30–39	< 0.01	1.55	1.19	2.03	< 0.01	1.55	1.18	2.03	< 0.01	1.54	1.18	2.02
	40–49	< 0.05	1.37	1.05	1.80	< 0.05	1.35	1.03	1.76	< 0.05	1.36	1.04	1.78
Ethnicity	White	< 0.01	1.72	1.26	2.36	< 0.001	1.75	1.28	2.39	< 0.01	1.72	1.26	2.35
Deprivation	Least deprived (ref.)	< 0.001				< 0.001				< 0.001
	Most deprived—1	< 0.001	1.92	1.44	2.55	< 0.001	1.88	1.41	2.50	< 0.001	1.91	1.43	2.54
	2	< 0.01	1.52	1.13	2.04	< 0.01	1.52	1.13	2.05	< 0.01	1.52	1.13	2.04
	3	NS	1.13	0.82	1.54	NS	1.117	0.82	1.53	NS	1.12	0.82	1.54
	4	NS	1.26	0.93	1.71	NS	1.251	0.92	1.70	NS	1.26	0.93	1.71

Notes. Limited to adults aged 16–59 years who completed the CSEW 2015/2016 self-completion modules. AOR adjusted odds ratio, 95% CIs 95% confidence intervals, LL lower limit, UL upper limit
Model 1: Childhood abuse count was entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics (sex, age, ethnicity, and deprivation quintiles)
Model 2: All childhood abuse types were entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics
Model 3: All childhood abuse types and childhood abuse count were entered in a regression, controlling for sociodemographics

ISSN: 1741-7015