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Table 1 Participant characteristics: data from 3 British birth cohort studies and 21 repeated cross-sectional English studies

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in blood pressure: co-ordinated analysis of 147,775 participants from repeated birth cohort and cross-sectional datasets, 1989 to 2016

 

Birth cohort study in midlife (43–46 years), year of outcome measurement (birth year)

Repeated cross-sectional study (≥ 25 years), year of outcome measurement

1989 (1946)

2003 (1958)

2016 (1970)

1994

2003

2016

Outcomes

 Sample size

3186

8610

6861

11,427

7910

3981

 Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) mmHg*

125.8 (15.5)

126.4 (17.0)

124.1 (15.5)

133.6 (18.3)

129.9 (19.1)

125.9 (17.2)

 Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) mmHg*

81.6 (10.4)

78.8 (11.2)

77.1 (11.2)

75.1 (8.9)

74.9 (11.5)

73.5 (11.3)

 Hypertension, %**

23.8%

28.4%

24.5%

35.5%

33.8%

31.6%

 Blood pressure-lowering medication, %

3.8%

6.1%

8.1%

13.5%

14.3%

17.9%

Socioeconomic data

 Social class at birth–4years, % manual

74.4%

72.7%

70.8%

–

–

–

 Own education attainment, % degree

6.6%

8.4%

24.1%

11.1%

19.3%

32.0%

  1. With valid BP, medication, and SEP data
  2. *Observed BP values (i.e. not adjusted for use of antihypertensive medication); HSE sample size is unweighted, and estimates are weighted
  3. **Hypertension: SBP/DBP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or on BP-lowering medication