Fig. 3

Serum IL-2 elevation in 295 patients over 6 h after gluten challenge. a Median and interquartile range of serum IL-2 concentrations at 2-h intervals after gluten; significance tested by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. b The frequency distribution of peak serum IL-2 concentrations in patients after gluten. c Median and interquartile range of serum IL-2 concentrations at 4 h and peak hourly numerical rating for global severity of digestive symptoms (GloSS). d Median and interquartile range of serum IL-2 concentrations 4 h and peak hourly severity of nausea. e Median and interquartile range of serum IL-2 concentrations at 4 h and whether patients experienced vomiting after gluten challenge. f Mean and standard error of the mean of serum IL-2 concentrations after gluten according to gluten reaction severity (peak severity descriptor of digestive symptoms rated each hour in the GloSS). g Peak serum IL-2 concentrations after gluten according to villous height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CrD) in the second part duodenal biopsies indicating the presence of villous atrophy (VH:CrD ≤ 2) (n = 39 patients) or absence (n = 13). h Paired serum IL-2 concentrations at 4 h after two separate food challenges with 6-g gluten protein. Data for 36 patients who received placebo treatment during the RESET CeD Study and had both a screening (unmasked) and a second (masked) challenge 20 to 22 weeks later. The gluten challenges used the same format administering the equivalent of 6-g gluten protein in 10-g vital wheat gluten mixed in water