Study author and citation | Country | UNDP HDI | WHPCA palliative care development | Study design | No. of patients | % patients alive at end of study period | Age | Gender (% female) | Ethnicity (% White Caucasian) | Type of disease | Type of palliative care service | Level of analysis | Duration of palliative care (days) | Statistical summary reported | Terminology used to report duration of palliative care | Hawker’s criteria rating (score) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aeckerle, 2013 [22] | Germany | Very high | 4b | RO | 225 | 9% | 66* | 100% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 59* | Median | Survival | Fair (26) |
Alsirafy, 2013 [23] | Egypt | Medium | 3a | RO | 123 | 0% | 53* | 57% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 66* | Median | Survival | Fair (23) |
Bakitas, 2013 [24] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 132 | 13% | 76* | 47% | 98% | Non-malignant | Combined | Local | 21* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Beernaert, 2013 [25] | Belgium | Very high | 4b | RO | 577 | 0% | U | 51% | U | Mixed | Combined | National | 17.95*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Cheung, 2013 [26] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 5420 | 0% | 82‡ | 72% | 95% | Mixed | SPCU | National | 17.67*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Corbett, 2013 [27] | Australia | Very high | 4b | PO | 276 | 46% | 61‡ | 42% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 34* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (22) |
D’Angelo, 2013 [28] | Italy | Very high | 4b | RO | 5320 | 9% | 74‡ | 50% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 21*, 38.8‡ | Median and mean | Survival | Fair (27) |
Dong, 2013 [29] | USA | Very high | 4b | PO | 1423 | 17% | 73‡§ | 60% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Regional | 95.44‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Eti, 2013 [30] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1837 | 73% | 70* | 60% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 4* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (24) |
Gerber, 2013 [31] | USA | Very high | 4b | PO | 48 | U | U | U | U | Unspecified | SPCU | Local | 7* | Median | Length-of-stay | Poor (15) |
Harris, 2013 [32] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 8669 | 0% | 75‡ | 58% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Regional | 31* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (24) |
Hussain, 2013 [33] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 62 | 0% | 67‡ | 50% | 100% | Non-malignant | Community/home | Local | 336* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (32) |
Kelley, 2013 [34] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1064 | 0% | 84‡ | 54% | 85% | Mixed | SPCU | National | 49* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Mack, 2013 [35] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 24,226 | ≤ 10% | U | 48% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 15.53*†, 45.08‡†| Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Meng, 2013 [36] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 136 | 0% | 87‡ | 78% | 70% | Mixed | SPCU | Regional | 15*, 47.9‡ | Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Good (29) |
Mercadante, 2013 [37] | Italy | Very high | 4b | PO | 236 | 14% | 73‡ | 50% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Regional | 18.4‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Nabal, 2013 [38] | Spain | Very high | 4a | PO | 698 | 26% | 74‡ | 40% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Regional | 65‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Nevadunsky, 2013 [39] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 49 | 0% | 61‡ | U | 35% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 16* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Pattenden, 2013 [40] | UK | Very high | 4b | PO | 80 | 6% | 81‡ | 39% | 91% | Non-malignant | Community/home | National | 41.41*†| Median | Survival | Good (29) |
Redahan, 2013 [41] | Ireland | Very high | 4b | RO | 48 | 0% | 64‡ | 33% | U | Non-malignant | Unspecified | Local | 12* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Sengupta, 2013 [42] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 4375 | U | U | 45% | 91% | Mixed | Combined | National | 16.2*, 65.3‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (19) |
Speer, 2013 [43] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 279 | 0% | 81* | 56% | 34% | Mixed | Community/home | Local | 16* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (22) |
Wallace, 2013 [44] | Ireland | Very high | 4b | RO | 92 | 22% | 77‡ | 65% | U | Non-malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 4.6‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Weckmann, 2013 [45] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 98 | 0% | U | U | U | Mixed | General hospital ward | Local | 13.16‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (21) |
Zdenkowski, 2013 [46] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 550 | 33%§ | 64‡d | 50%d | U | Malignant | Combined | Regional | 77* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Zheng, 2013 [47] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 817 | 0% | 87‡ | 70% | 89% | Mixed | Community/home | Regional | 23.5*, 93‡ | Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Bogasky, 2014 [48] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 3,008,137 | 17% | U | 58% | U | Mixed | Combined | National | 19*, 83‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (25) |
Brown, 2014 [49] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 144 | 0% | 60*§ | 100% | 68%d | Malignant | Combined | Local | 35.5* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Casarett, 2014 [50] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 49,370 | 16% | 79‡ | 56% | 89% | Mixed | SPCU | Regional | 24.74‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Good (29) |
Chai, 2014 [51] | Canada | Very high | 4b | PO | 129 | 0% | 71‡ | 55% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 92*, 145.85‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Eastman, 2014 [52] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 6004 | 35% | U | U | U | Unspecified | SPCU | Regional | 12.8‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (24) |
Fullerton, 2014 [53] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 38 | 11% | U | U | U | Unspecified | SPCU | Local | 15.1‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Poor (13) |
Guay, 2014 [54] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 435 | U | 57* | 54% | 62% | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 214.91*†| Median | Survival | Good (29) |
Hui, 2014 [55] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 368 | 0% | 60‡ | 52% | 62% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 62.33*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (31) |
Kang, 2014 [56] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 2154 | 32% | 74‡ | 49% | U | Mixed | SPCU | National | 10.41‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Kao, 2014 [57] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 2020 | 15% | 58*†| 41% | U | Malignant | General hospital ward | Regional | 33.71*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Keim-Malpass, 2014 [58] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 30 | 0% | 31‡§ | 51%§ | 79%§ | Malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 12.8‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Koivu, 2014 [59] | Finland | Very high | 4a | RO | 138 | 0% | 75* | 64% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Regional | 32‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (23) |
Obermeyer, 2014 [60] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 18,165 | 0% | 80‡ | 52% | 88% | Malignant | Combined | National | 11* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Olmsted, 2014 [61] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 77,267 | 0% | U | 2%§ | 71%§ | Mixed | Combined | National | 23.63*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Scheffey, 2014 [62] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1368 | 0% | U | U | U | Mixed | SPCU | Regional | 15* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (25) |
Seow, 2014 [63] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 3912 | 0% | 75* | 52% | U | Mixed | Community/home | Regional | 73‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Sexauer, 2014 [64] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 53 | 0% | 64‡ | 51% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 7.98*†| Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Shin, 2014 [65] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 610 | 20% | 59‡ | 47% | 66% | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 32.53*†, 8‡ | Median and mean | Survival | Good (29) |
Unroe, 2014 [66] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 3771 | 17% | 79‡ | 59% | 62% | Mixed | Combined | National | 22*, 84.5‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Poor (17) |
Wachterman, 2014 [67] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1415 | 16% | 75‡ | 0% | 82% | Mixed | Combined | National | 16.71*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Yamagishi, 2014 [68] | Japan | Very high | 4b | RO | 693 | 0% | 72‡ | 40% | U | Malignant | Community/home | National | 35* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Yeung, 2014 [69] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 6982 | 0% | U | 49% | 89% | Malignant | SPCU | National | 13* | Median | Length-of-stay | Good (28) |
Alsirafy, 2015 [70] | Saudi Arabia | Very high | 3a | RO | 328 | 0% | U | 50% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 16.1‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (23) |
Chiang, 2015 [71] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 566 | 0% | 69‡ | 39% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 23*, 54.7‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Choi, 2015 [72] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 84 | 0% | 64* § | 35%§ | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 12.33*†, 26.25‡†| Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (24) |
Colman, 2015 [73] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 24 | 0% | 57‡ | 46% | U | Mixed | Combined | Local | 14* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (25) |
Dingfield, 2015 [74] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 125,634 | 3% | 78‡ | 56% | 87% | Mixed | SPCU | National | 53‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Good (30) |
Dougherty, 2015 [75] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 85,581 | 14% | 74‡ | 52% | 88% | Mixed | SPCU | National | 79.57‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
El-Jawahri, 2015 [76] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 49 | 0% | 70‡§ | 41%§ | 97%§ | Malignant | Combined | Regional | 7* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Gage, 2015 [77] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 688 | 0% | 75‡ | 44% | U | Unspecified | Combined | Regional | 70.54‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Gozalo, 2015 [78] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 261,252 | U | 85‡§ | 65%§ | U | Mixed | SPCU | National | 19.20*†, 83.35‡†| Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (22) |
Gu, 2015 [79] | China | High | 4a | RO | 244 | 0% | 63‡ | 49% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 19*, 23.54‡ | Median and mean | Survival | Good (29) |
Gupte, 2015 [80] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1801 | U | 72‡ | 49% | 93% | Malignant | Combined | National | 21.81*†, 68.66‡†| Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Good (32) |
Hennemann-Krause, 2015 [81] | Brazil | High | 3a | PO | 12 | 0% | 68‡ | 42% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 195‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Hui, 2015 [82] | Multicentre - USA and Brazil | Very high & High | 4b & 3a | PO | 357 | 43% | 58‡ | 55% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Inter-national | 6* | Median | Length-of-stay | Good (31) |
Kao, 2015 [83] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 462 | 0% | 68‡ | 30% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 19*, 36.37‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (31) |
Kim, 2015 [84] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 198 | 0% | 66‡ | 41% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 18* | Median | Length-of-stay | Good (28) |
Kozlov, 2015 [85] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 160 | 13% | U | U | U | Mixed | General hospital ward | Local | 23*, 73.89‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (21) |
Lee, 2015 [86] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 609 | 0% | U | 52% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 21* | Median | Survival | Fair (24) |
Myers, 2015 [87] | Canada | Very high | 4b | PO | 368 | 0% | 65‡ | 56% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 121*, 171.7‡ | Median and mean | Survival | Fair (21) |
O’Connor, 2015 [88] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 122 | 0% | 55‡ | 100% | 76% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 17* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Pineau, 2015 [89] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 28 | 0% | U | U | U | Unspecified | SPCU | Local | 120‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Poor (13) |
Zakhour, 2015 [90] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 55 | 0% | 70‡§ | 100% | 79%§ | Malignant | Combined | Local | 28* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Bauman, 2016 [91] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 46 | 0% | 64*§ | 68% | 77% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 96* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Bennett, 2016 [10] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 4650 | 0% | 75* | 49% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 34* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Brooks, 2016 [92] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 650 | 0% | U | 39% | 73% | Malignant | Combined | National | 21.44* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Brown, 2016 [93] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 7209 | U | 71‡§ | 53%§ | 81%§ | Non-malignant | SPCU | National | 9*, 45‡ | Median and mean | Length-of-stay | Good (29) |
Cheraghlou, 2016 [94] | USA | Very high | 4b | PO | 241 | 1% | 88‡ | 65% | 90% | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 15* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Diamond, 2016 [95] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 160 | U | 63‡ | 42% | 62% | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 44.3‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Hamano, 2016 [96] | Japan | Very high | 4b | PO | 2069 | 2% | 70‡ | 42% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 28* | Median | Survival | Fair (26) |
Jarosek, 2016 [97] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 30,629 | 0% | U | 51% | 81% | Malignant | Combined | National | 18* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (31) |
Jegier, 2016 [98] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 197 | 26% | 66‡ | 37% | 36% | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 4.86*†| Median | Length-of-stay | Good (31) |
Kierner, 2016 [99] | Austria | Very high | 4b | RO | 50 | 0% | 62* | 62% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 21* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
King, 2016 [100] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 158 | U | 63*†§ | 55%§ | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 30.24*†| Median | Length-of-stay | Good (29) |
Lowe, 2016 [101] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 2922 | 0% | 73‡ | 47% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 34* | Median | Survival | Good (29) |
Masman, 2016 [102] | Netherlands | Very high | 4a | PO | 58 | 47% | 75* | 55% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 36* | Median | Length-of-stay | Good (29) |
Obermeyer, 2016 [103] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 254,729 | 0% | 78‡§ | 50%§ | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 15* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (24) |
Odejide, 2016 [104] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 7810 | 0% | U | 55% | 93% | Malignant | Combined | National | 12.055*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Perri, 2016 [105] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 235 | 4% | 84‡ | 54% | U | Non-malignant | SPCU | Local | 30‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Porteous, 2016 [106] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 298 | 56% | U | 55% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 9* | Median | Length-of-stay | Good (28) |
Rosenwax, 2016 [107] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 5932 | 0% | 76‡§ | 46% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 25* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Sathornviriyapong, 2016 [108] | Thailand | High | 3a | RO | 317 | 28% | 63* | 49% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 33* | Median | Survival | Good (29) |
Schmalz, 2016 [109] | Germany | Very high | 4b | PO | 269 | ≥ 4% | 70‡ | 42% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 9.7‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Schur, 2016 [110] | Austria | Very high | 4b | RO | 2414 | 0% | 73* | 52% | U | Mixed | Combined | National | 9* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Senderovich, 2016 [111] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 237 | U | 79‡ | 59% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 54.05‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Good (30) |
Sharma, 2016 [112] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 567 | 0% | 70‡ | 2% | 94% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 22.14‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Stevenson, 2016 [113] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 5,519,849 | 19% | 83‡ | 59% | 89% | Mixed | Combined | National | 18.91*†, 82.19‡†| Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
United States Renal Data System, 2017 [114] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 180,491 | 0% | 69‡§ | 54%§ | 67%§ | Non-malignant | Combined | National | 5* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (19) |
Adsersen, 2017 [115] | Denmark | Very high | 4a | RO | 21,597 | 0% | 70‡ | 50% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 29*, 64.6‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Chan, 2017 [116] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 165 | 8% | U | U | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 6.6‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (20) |
Choi, 2017 [117] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 1829 | 0% | 51‡ | 63% | U | Malignant | SPCU | National | 26.2‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (25) |
de la Cruz, 2017 [118] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 329 | 76% | 56‡ | 55% | 63% | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 7.02‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Einstein, 2017 [119] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 66 | 0% | 64‡ | 28% | 92% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 93.24*†, 144.12‡†| Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Forst, 2017 [120] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 7849 | 0% | 72‡ | 49% | 86% | Malignant | Combined | National | 21* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Fukui, 2017 [121] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 37,165 | 15% | 82‡ | 60% | 87% | Non-malignant | Combined | National | 6.88*†, 17.41‡†| Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Harris, 2017 [122] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1972 | 0% | 81*§ | 51%§ | 82%§ | Mixed | Combined | National | 41.04‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Hoverman, 2017 [123] | USA | Very high | 4b | PI | 345 | 0% | U | U | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 18.93*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (20) |
Kaufman, 2017 [124] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1248 | 23% | 78‡ | 54% | 70% | Mixed | Combined | National | 27*, 86‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Kelly, 2017 [125] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 81 | 0% | 59*§ | 35%§ | U | Non-malignant | Combined | Local | 15* | Median | Survival | Fair (27) |
Kuchinad, 2017 [126] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 39 | 0% | 62* | 36% | 87% | Malignant | Combined | Local | 22* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (25) |
Lin, 2017 [127] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 22,720 | 0% | 66‡ | 40% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 9.93‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Lustbader, 2017 [128] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 293 | 0% | 86‡ | 51% | 93% | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 22.87*†, 47.07‡†| Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (22) |
Masel, 2017 [129] | Austria | Very high | 4b | RO | 91 | 25% | 62* | 39% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 16* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (25) |
Mercadante, 2017 [130] | Italy | Very high | 4b | PO | 314 | 96% | 66‡ | 42% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 7.01‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Good (28) |
O’Leary, 2017 [17] | Ireland | Very high | 4b | RO | 507 | 0% | U | 50% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 70‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Otsuka, 2017 [131] | Japan | Very high | 4b | RO | 415 | 0% | 72* | 40% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 54* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Palmer, 2017 [132] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 3704 | 0% | U | 59% | 78% | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 17.5* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Pellizzari, 2017 [133] | Italy | Very high | 4b | RO | 2211 | 0% | U | 42% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Regional | 92* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Rivet, 2017 [134] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 82 | 67% | 60* | U | U | Non-malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 1* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Sanoff, 2017 [135] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 5056 | 0% | 73* | 31% | 72% | Malignant | Combined | National | 18* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (25) |
Scaccabarozzi, 2017 [136] | Italy | Very high | 4b | RO | 1114 | 0% | 76* | 44% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 31* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Schuler, 2017 [137] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 7590 | 7% | U | 51% | 89% | Malignant | Combined | National | 12* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Senel, 2017 [138] | Turkey | High | 3b | PO | 213 | 44% | 60‡ | 41% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 8.64‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Shah, 2017 [139] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 74 | 11% | 75‡ | 19% | U | Malignant | Unspecified | Local | 179.4* | Median | Survival | Good (29) |
Sharp, 2017 [140] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 108 | U | 76‡ | 32% | U | Non-malignant | Combined | Local | 124* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (23) |
Tanuseputro, 2017 [19] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 92,276 | 0% | U | 51% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 111.1‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Taylor, 2017 [141] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 2642 | 0% | U | U | 77%§ | Malignant | Combined | Regional | 20* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Unroe, 2017 [142] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 32,605 | 15% | 80‡ | 61% | 75% | Mixed | Community/home | National | 20*, 70.4‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Vayne-Bossert, 2017 [143] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 62 | 0% | 88*§ | U | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 103* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Vinant, 2017 [144] | France | Very high | 4b | PO | 744 | 26% | 72‡ | 48% | U | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 22* | Median | Survival | Good (30) |
Waite, 2017 [145] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 49 | 0% | 78*§ | 51%§ | U | Non-malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 1.54* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (24) |
Wang, Hsu, 2017 [146] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 71,184 | 0% | 78‡§ | 53%§ | 87%§ | Malignant | Combined | National | 10.9‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Wang, Knight, 2017 [147] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 394 | U | U | U | U | Malignant | Combined | Regional | 14.5*, 31.6‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Wilson, 2017 [148] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 28 | 0% | 75*§ | 40%§ | U | Non-malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 0.42* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (32) |
Yim, 2017 [149] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 5073 | 9% | 82‡ | 55% | 87% | Non-malignant | Combined | National | 15*, 71‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Akdogan, 2018 [150] | Turkey | High | 3b | RO | 305 | 57% | 80‡ | 46% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 31.1‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Allsop, 2018 [8] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 42,372 | 0% | U | 48% | 75% | Mixed | Combined | National | 48* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Assareh, 2018 [151] | Australia | Very high | 4b | RO | 24,468 | 0% | U | 45%§ | U | Mixed | General hospital ward | Regional | 6*, 7.6‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Cho, 2018 [152] | Singapore | Very high | 4b | RO | 25 | 0% | 68‡§ | 65%§ | U | Non-malignant | Combined | Local | 8* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Choi, 2018 [153] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 1829 | 0% | 68‡ | 45% | U | Malignant | SPCU | National | 26.2‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Good (30) |
de Oliveira Valentino, 2018 [154] | Brazil | High | 3a | RO | 839 | 0% | 62‡§ | 45%§ | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 185.54‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Dinҫer, 2018 [155] | Turkey | High | 3b | RO | 85 | 46% | 84‡ | 55% | U | Non-malignant | SPCU | Local | 15* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Duff, 2018 [156] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 52 | 0% | 66‡ | 2% | 75% | Malignant | Unspecified | Local | 21.7* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Dunn. 2018 [157] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 96 | 0% | 76‡§ | 3%§ | U | Mixed | Combined | Local | 24‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (22) |
Gainza-Miranda, 2018 [158] | Spain | Very high | 4a | PO | 60 | 30% | 74‡ | 20% | U | Non-malignant | Community/home | Local | 252.49* | Median | Survival | Good (28) |
Gidwani-Marszowski, 2018 [159] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 1,467,835 | 0% | U | 0% | 90%§ | Mixed | Combined | National | 14.17*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Good (30) |
Gill, 2018 [160] | USA | Very high | 4b | PO | 244 | 0% | 87‡ | 65% | 89% | Mixed | Combined | Regional | 12.5*, 40.2‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Gurau, 2018 [161] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 316 | 0.003% | 85‡ | 52% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 25.62‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (25) |
Hattori, 2018 [162] | Japan | Very high | 4b | PO | 1924 | 0% | 68* | 43% | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 38.5‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (26) |
Hausner, 2018 [163] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 156 | 0% | 66*§ | 47%§ | U | Malignant | SPCU | Local | 8* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (25) |
Hung, 2018 [164] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 97,614 | 0% | U | 38% | U | Malignant | Combined | National | 28*, 62.12‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Hutchinson, 2018 [165] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 5298 | 0% | U | 32% | 98% | Malignant | Combined | National | 17* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Johnson, 2018 [166] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 101 | 28% | 57*§ | 53%§ | U | Non-malignant | Combined | National | 42* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Kaufman, 2018 [167] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 43,737 | U | U | 56% | U | Mixed | Combined | National | 26*, 70‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (24) |
LeBlanc, 2018 [168] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 9230 | 0% | 79*§ | 44%§ | 87%§ | Malignant | Combined | National | 9* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Ledoux, 2018 [169] | France | Very high | 4b | RO | 1 | 0% | 69‡§ | 38%§ | U | Malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 1*, 1‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Lo, 2018 [170] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 780 | 4% | 80‡ | 52% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 32.41‡†| Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
McDermott, 2018 [171] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 8351 | 0.6% | 77‡§ | 49%§ | 86%§ | Malignant | Combined | National | 14* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Mendieta, 2018 [172] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 54,105 | 0% | 83‡ | 49% | 71% | Mixed | Combined | National | 7.05‡†| Mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (23) |
Merchant, 2018 [173] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 25,446 | 0% | 71‡ | 40% | U | Malignant | Combined | Regional | 76§ | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Mulville, 2018 [174] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 161 | 0% | 74‡ | 46% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 10*, 38‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Poor (17) |
Nazim, 2018 [175] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 28 | 0% | 80‡§ | 39%§ | U | Non-malignant | General hospital ward | Local | 6* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
O'Hare, 2018 [176] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 133,962 | 4% | 70‡§ | 47%d | 65%d | Non-malignant | Combined | National | 6*, 23.48‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (24) |
Rozman, 2018 [177] | Brazil | High | 3a | RO | 2985 | 0% | 64‡ | 45% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 34*, 72.3‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Fair (26) |
Shih, 2018 [178] | Taiwan | Very high | 4a | RO | 3931 | 0% | 72*§ | 35%§ | U | Mixed | Combined | Local | 12.69*†| Median | Referral-to-death | Fair(26) |
Shinall Jr, 2018 [179] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 3321 | 50% | 68‡ | 48% | 79% | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 3* | Median | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Stephens, 2018 [180] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 299 | 0% | 56*§ | 51%§ | U | Mixed | General hospital ward | Local | 3* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Vogl, 2018 [181] | Germany | Very high | 4b | RO | 784 | 42% | 71‡ | 55% | U | Mixed | SPCU | Local | 9.8‡ | Mean | Length-of-stay | Fair (27) |
Wadhwa, 2018 [182] | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 337 | 0% | 65‡ | 48% | U | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 103.41*, 206.83‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | Good (28) |
Yennurajalingam, 2018 [183] | USA | Very high | 4b | RO | 340 | 0% | 62* | 47% | 71% | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 152.08* | Median | Referral-to-death | Fair (27) |
Yoo, 2018 [184] | South Korea | Very high | 3a | RO | 277 | 0% | 62‡§ | 39%§ | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 45.2‡ | Mean | Referral-to-death | Good (31) |
Ziegler, 2018 [185] | UK | Very high | 4b | RO | 1598 | 0% | U | 49% | U | Malignant | Combined | Local | 42* | Median | Referral-to-death | Good (29) |
Chai (personal commu-nication, Coyte PC, University of Toronto) | Canada | Very high | 4b | RO | 81 | 0% | U | U | U | Malignant | Community/home | Local | 65*, 111.56‡ | Median and mean | Referral-to-death | U |