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Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019

From: Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study

Variables

n = 2666

Age (years)

74.9 ± 8.4

Male gender

1647 (61.9%)

Obesity

766 (31.6%)

Admission blood glucose (mg/dL)

153 ± 45.7

Admission serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.03 ± 0.23

Admission aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

31 ± 8

Admission alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

26 ± 6

Metformin

1618 (60.8%)

DPP-4i

791 (30.2%)

GLP1-1RA

127 (4.8%)

SGLT-2i

296 (11.3%)

Insulin

723 (27.6%)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

724 (27.4%)

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

789 (29.9%)

Statin

1534 (58.0%)

Antiplatelet

643 (24.8%)

Anticoagulant

(16.3%)

History of smoking

955 (35.8%)

Hypertension

2026 (76.2%)

Dyslipidemia

1730 (65.0%)

Chronic kidney disease

352 (13.2%)

Atrial fibrillation

444 (16.7%)

Coronary artery disease

610 (22.9%)

Heart failure

445 (16.7%)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

346 (13.0%)

Liver disease

172 (6.5%)

Cancer

353 (13.3%)

Stroke

322 (12.1%)

Dementia

384 (14.4%)

Depression

308 (11.6%)

Moderate-severe functional dependence

636 (24.2%)

Moderate-severe comorbidity

2338 (90.7%)

Disease severity

 Moderate

1891 (70.9%)

 Severe

714 (26.8%)

 Critical

61 (2.3%)

Hydroxychloroquine

2185 (82.0%)

Chloroquine

72 (2.7%)

Lopinavir/ritonavir

1195 (44.8%)

Azithromycin

1595 (59.8%)

Remdesivir

36 (1.4%)

Interferon-β

276 (10.4%)

Corticosteroids

1186 (44.5%)

Tocilizumab

215 (8.1%)

  1. Values are shown as mean ± standard deviations, absolute values, and percentages
  2. The degree of functional dependence was assessed using the Barthel Index. The presence of comorbidities was assessed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
  3. DPP-4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, mg/dL milligram/deciliter, SGLT-2i sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, U/L unit/liter