Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study

Table 5 Association between metformin plus sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors and metformin plus insulin and study outcomes before propensity score matching

Outcomes	Treatment groups
	Metformin + SGLT-2i (n = 67)	Other GLD (n = 583)	p value
In-hospital deaths	13 (19.4%)	228 (39.1%)	0.003
ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death	35 (52.2%)	375 (64.3%)	0.051
In-hospital complications	33 (49.3%)	351 (60.2%)	0.132
Long-time hospital stay	8 (11.9%)	130 (22.3%)	0.087
Long-time hospital stay	Metformin + insulin (n = 110)	Other GLD (n = 1375)	p value
In-hospital deaths	43 (39.1%)	445 (32.4%)	0.175
ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death	76 (69.1%)	810 (58.9%)	0.084
In-hospital complications	73 (66.4%)	756 (55.0%)	0.030
Long-time hospital stay	21 (19.1%)	320 (23.3%)	0.360

Data are shown as absolute values and percentages. Values were considered to be statistically significant when p < 0.05
GLD glucose-lowering drugs, ICU intensive care unit, SGLT-2i sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

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