| Retrospective cohort | Prospective cohort | Combination cohort | Cross-validation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Positive | Negative | Total | Positive | Negative | Total | Positive | Negative | Total | Positive | Negative | Total |
PCa | 481 | 39 | 520 | 176 | 31 | 207 | 657 | 70 | 727 | 644 | 83 | 727 |
Non-PCa | 8 | 86 | 94 | 10 | 179 | 189 | 18 | 265 | 283 | 27 | 256 | 283 |
Total | 489 | 125 | 614 | 186 | 210 | 396 | 675 | 335 | 1010 | 671 | 339 | 1010 |
Sensitivity (95% CI) | 92.5% (94.8–90.2%) | 85.0% (89.9–80.2%) | 90.4% (92.5–88.2%) | 88.6% (90.9–86.3%) | ||||||||
Specificity (95% CI) | 91.5% (97.1–85.9%) | 94.7% (97.9–91.5%) | 93.6% (96.5–90.8%) | 90.5% (93.9–87.0%) | ||||||||
PPV (95% CI) | 98.4% (99.5–97.2%) | 94.6% (97.9–91.4%) | 97.3% (98.6–96.1%) | 96.0% (97.5–94.5%) | ||||||||
NPV (95% CI) | 68.8% (76.9–60.7%) | 85.2% (90.0–80.4%) | 79.1% (83.5–74.8%) | 75.5% (80.1–70.9%) | ||||||||
Odds ratio (95% CI) | 132.6 (293.5–59.9) | 101.6 (213.5–48.4) | 138.2 (236.5–80.8) | 73.6 (116.3–46.6) |