Study | Country | Total randomised | Study population | Intervention(s)/support tools | Standard of care | HIVST distribution method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chanda et al. [22] | Zambia | 965 | FSW | • Peer educator provided risk reduction counselling; condom distribution; HIV testing information • Group HIVST demonstration • Peer educator delivered HIVST kit (arm 1) • Peer educator delivered coupons for HIVST collection at facilities (arm 2) | • Peer educator provided risk reduction counselling; condom distribution; HIV testing information | • Facility-based distribution (arm 1) • Secondary distribution—peers (arm 2) |
Jamil et al. [23] | Australia | 362 | MSM | • 4 HIVST kits at enrolment, option to request additional kits (max 12 per year) • 24/7 telephone hotline | • Standard HIV testing services | • Facility-based distribution • Distribution by mail (optional) |
Katz et al. [24] | USA | 230 | MSM (n=226), trans people (n=4; 1 trans woman, 3 gender-queer/neutral) | • 1 HIVST kit at enrolment, option to request additional kits (max 1 per month) • In-person demonstration; information about HIV testing and reminders; 24/7 telephone hotline | • HIV testing advice • Offer of testing reminders (email, phone or letter) at desired frequency | • Facility-based distribution • Distribution by mail (optional) |
Kelvin et al. [25] | Kenya | 2196 | FSW | • Choice of supervised self-administered HIVST at facility (overseen by health worker) or free HIVST kit for home use | • Provider administered testing • Testing reminder via SMS | • HIVST at facilities |
MacGowan et al. [20] | USA | 2665 | MSM | • 4 HIVST kits at enrolment (mail), option to request additional kits 3 monthly • HIV testing information; 24/7 telephone hotline | • Standard HIV testing services | • Online/mail distribution |
Merchant et al. [26] | USA | 425 | MSM (18–24 years) | • Internet gift card for online order of HIVST kit | • HIV testing advice • Web link to testing service locator | • Online/mail distribution |
Uganda | 960 | FSW | • Peer educator provided risk reduction counselling; condom distribution; HIV testing information • Group HIVST demonstration • Peer educator delivered HIVST kit (arm 1) • Peer educator delivered coupons for HIVST collection at facilities (arm 2) | • Peer educator provided risk reduction counselling; condom distribution; HIV testing information | • Facility-based distribution (arm 1) • Secondary distribution—peers (arm 2) | |
Tang et al. [29] | China | 1381 | MSM (n=1313), trans women (n=68) | • Access to HIVST kits promoted via social media along with a promotional campaign on HIV testing | • Routine health promotion efforts | • Online/mail distribution |
Wang et al. [30] | Hong Kong SAR | 430 | MSM | • 1 HIVST kit at enrolment (mail) • 3 min online video promoting HIV testing; 4 min online video promoting HIVST; 15 min motivational interview conducted over the phone by trained staff to promote HIVST • Real-time instructions and pre/post-test counselling provided online • Accompaniment to clinic appointment for confirmatory testing | • 3 min online video promoting HIV testing | • Online/mail distribution |
Wray et al. [31] | USA | 65 | MSM | • HIVST kits mailed at 3 monthly intervals (arm 1) • HIVST kits fitted with Bluetooth device mailed at 3 monthly intervals (arm 2) • Follow-up by counsellor when kit opened; risk reduction counselling and referral to prevention services (arm 2) | • 3-monthly letters with HIV testing information | • Online/mail distribution |